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Biomedical subjects

D Cathignol

Publications and source records attributed to D Cathignol.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of endorectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer using a high-frequency sectorial intracavitary probe].

Endorectal ultrasonography was evaluated in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer, using a high frequency (7,5 MHz) mechanical sectorial endocavitary probe developed by the authors. In a first study, sonograms from a series of 213 patients were interpreted retrospectively without any knowledge of the clinical or pathological findings. Specificity for the diagnosis of cancer (true non-malignant/total non-malignant) reached 79%, whereas sensitivity (true malignant/total malignant) was only 48%. Pathology was available for 132 patients. In a second study, 72 ultrasonically guided biopsies were performed in patients presenting either with a suspicious induration without nodule (47 cases) or a palpable nodule (25 cases). Good quality biopsy specimens, and absence of complication were remarkable. However, the 10 cancer cases (5 diagnosed in each group) did not show sonographically clearly different from the remaining adenoma, prostatitis and normal cases.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

[Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in gynecologic laparoscopy].

A new non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring technique was investigated on twenty female patients submitted to gynaecological laparoscopy under general anaesthesia. Continuous aortic output was measured with an echo-Doppler oesophageal probe specially developed by the authors. Peritoneal insufflation was performed with an average of 4 +/- 0.750 l CO2 at an average insufflation rate of 0.666 l X min-1; intraperitoneal pressure increased on average by 11.57 +/- 1.60 mmHg during insufflation. Aortic output changes were related to changes in the patient's position. In initial horizontal dorsal decubitus position, average aortic output was 2.83 +/- 0.642 l X min-1. Trendelenburg position (28 +/- 2 degrees) induced a transient 9.54% increase (p less than 0.05), while a return to the horizontal position was marked by an 11.3% increase (p less than 0.01) of the aortic output. No significant change was observed during insufflation and exsufflation (-2.13 and -5.3% respectively). Mean arterial pressure rose by 16.4% after insufflation (initial values: 90 +/- 15.08 mmHg; p less than 0.01). Total vascular systemic resistances were significantly higher at the end of insufflation (2.999 +/- 376 dyn X cm X s-5; + 18.04%; p less than 0.05). Heart rate did not change significantly. Aortic output monitoring with this non-invasive, easy-to-handle technique enabled early detection of haemodynamic changes during laparoscopy. These changes frequently preceded significant blood pressure or heart rate variations.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound stone localisation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

An extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor using an ultrasound scan head pantograph location system has been designed. The shock wave ellipsoid reflector position is adjusted to the stone with a computer assisted positioning device. Seven dogs with stones implanted into the renal pelvis were treated and stone fragmentation occurred in all cases. Subsequently, 45 patients with stones were treated. The stones ranged in size from 5 to 29 mm (mean 16). Radio-opaque as well as poorly opaque or radiolucent stones were treated and fragmentation was achieved in 85% of cases. An additional endoscopic procedure was performed in four cases. No fragmentation occurred in four patients. Further shock wave treatment was necessary in two patients who presented with stones larger than 2 cm. Both radio-opaque and poorly opaque stones can be treated with this system. Ultrasound localisation and the ellipsoid positioning device avoid the need for expensive fluoroscopic equipment and a hydraulic patient positioning system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Dobutamine in vascular surgery].

The hemodynamic parameters of 12 patients operated on not a coronary vascular disease have been controlled by means of not invasive technic. The aortic output was measured by means of an oesophageal probe that associates echography and Doppler effect. A double blinded study was done by dividing the patients into two groups. The group 1 was subjected to a perfusion of dobutamine and the group 2 to a perfusion of a placebo during the operation. The group 1 showed a mean aortic output similar-level than before anesthesia one (3.40 +/- 0.61 l/min; 3.35 +/- 0.5 l/min) and 37% greater than group 2 (p less than 0.01), during operation period. The average systolic volume of group 1 was nearly similar at the initial one (46.5 +/- 12.92 ml; 40.8 +/- 8.2 ml) and 35% higher than group 2 (p less than 0.01). The cardiac frequency was higher (average 14 beats per minute) in the group 1 (p less than 0.01). The total systemic vascular resistance of group 1 were maintained in equilibrium and did not show any significative change. In opposition, group 2 showed a 207% increase in their vascular resistance, in relation to the initial values (p less than 0.01). These values were significatively higher that those of the group 1 (p less than 0.00). Mean diuresis was of 144 +/- 41.5 ml/h for group 1 and 43.6 +/- 10.9 ml/h for group 2 (p less than 0.001). In group 2 the H+ concentration increased from 33 to 39 nmol/l (p less than 0.01) and it was higher (p less than 0.01) than group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative diagnostic value of ultrasonics and rectal examination in prostatic cancer in a series of 213 patients].

The value of endorectal sonography for the diagnosis of prostatic cancer was established after retrospective interpretation of sonographic data issued from 213 patients without prior knowledge of either clinical or pathological data. Endorectal sonography was performed with a mechanical sectorial high frequency (7.5 MHz) probe realized by the authors. A pathology report (73 biopsies, 52 TUR, 7 suprapubic adenomectomy specimens) was available for 132 patients: 25 pathological examinations were interpreted as normal, 41 adenomas, 24 prostatitis or fibrosis and 42 cancers (5 clinical stage T0, 22 T1, 2 T2 and 13 T3). Specificity for the diagnosis of cancer was respectively 65% or 79% according to the normality reference considered, i.e. either the group of patients having a normal pathological control (90 patients) or the same group plus another group of patients with a normal rectal examination (171 patients). Sensitivity for the diagnosis of cancer was only 48%: 53% of cancers were falsely interpreted as prostatitis or adenomas and 9% as normal (2 T0 and 2 T1). The large proportion of local stages without capsular involvement (29/42) is partly responsible for this lack of sensitivity. Sonography can reveal the presence of abnormalities in the echostructure of the gland but does not allow tissue characterization. Rectal examination and sonography are complementary techniques. In the same study, rectal examination had a 48% specificity and a 92% sensitivity.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Aortic flow measurement by transesophageal Doppler effect].

Continuous measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution is invasive, impractical and unpleasant for the patient. We propose to measure descending aortic blood flow with a specially designed intra-oesophageal Doppler echo probe. The apparatus is composed of two main parts. First an A scan system makes possible the measurement of the diameter of the vessel, second a continuous wave velocimeter is used to measure the spatial mean velocity of the blood. An output calculator determines the descending aortic blood flow. The oesophageal catheter contains three ultrasonic transducers at its tip mounted on an epoxy resin bracket produced by moulding. They are connected to a flexible hose placed inside a flexible polyvinyl sheath whose outer diameter is 6.8 mm and length is 50 cm. A cylindrical latex balloon is mounted on this sheath which is water inflated to minimum pressure, ensuring a good ultrasonic coupling between the transducers and the oesophageal wall. Connection between the probe and the apparatus is made by three coaxial cables. Three isolator-transformers are built into the connector cable to ensure a safe electrical circuit. After having bled the probe of any air, the balloon is deflated. The probe is gently introduced into the oesophagus by nasal or oral route until the transducers are situated between the 5th and 6th vertebra. The balloon is then inflated to minimum pressure with 10 ml of distilled water contained in a syringe. To find the aorta, the velocimeter is first used like a Doppler stethoscope. The probe is rotated into a position corresponding to the maximum level of Doppler signal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Ultrasonic high frequency probes in urology].

The authors report on their experience with Ultrasonic high frequency ultrasonography probes. The endorectal and the endourethral probes were designed and developed by the authors. High resolution imaging, easy handling of the probes with a range of several scanners are the major qualities of this material.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Extracorporeal shockwave destruction of urinary calculi after ultrasonic localization].

Shock waves generated by an underwater spark gap discharge, focused by an ellipsoid can destroy most urinary stones extracorporeally. A device were stones are localized by ultrasound and where the ellipsoid itself could move to be positioned in the adequate position would obviate the need for a very expensive two fluoroscopes localisation system, and patient positioning device. A regular ultrasound probe was fixed on a multijointed metallic arm. From the measurements of the angles of every point it was possible to calculate the exact coordinates X, Y, Z, of the probe. This system, thought not extremely flexible allows to perform ultrasound examination of a kidney in the bathtub and localisation of stones in vivo in good conditions. When the stone was seen on the screen, the angles given to the joints were automatically recorded and the coordinates of the stone were instantly calculated with a personal computer. The computer program was able to calculate the displacement of the ellipsoid necessary to adjust its focal point on the X, Y, Z coordinates. The ellipsoid moved through a simple 3 motors system. Destruction of the stone was performed by shock waves. Progression of the disintegration was followed by plain X-rays performed in the bath tube with a portable X-ray apparatus. This device was tested in 7 dogs with stones surgically implanted in the renal pelvis. In every case, the stone was localised and disintegrated in fragments of the order of one millimeter using 700 to 2 000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Nicergoline to reduce intraoperative blood pressure increases in hypertensive patients].

In order to test the therapeutic action of nicergoline during peroperative arterial hypertension, an intravenous perfusion of 5 mcg/kg/mn average dose was given to 15 patients which presented a peroperative increase of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) greater than 30% when compared with preanaesthetic corresponding value. The haemodynamic evolution was monitored, using non invasive method (except for central venous pressure, CVP). Particularly Aortic Blood Flow (ASF) was measured by ultrasonic means using specially designed intraoesophageal probe and flow meter including A-Scan and Doppler Velocity meter. SBP increased in 43% during hypertensive peak (initial level mean 129, +/- 12.6 mmHg; hypertensive peak, mean 185 +/- 16.80 mmHg; p less than 0.001). Ten minutes after the beginning of nicergoline perfusion, SBP showed a significative decrease (mean 141.4 +/- 11.20 mmHg, +9%). At the end of operation the SBP was nearly to average initial value (mean 135, +/- 11.85 mmHg; +4.5%). Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mean Blood Pressure presented similar variations. ABF decreased significatively during hypertensive peak (Initial ABF value means 3.49, +/- 0.99 l/mn, hypertensive peak ABF value means 2.68, +/- 0.54 l/mn, -25%, p less than 0.01). Nicergoline perfusion induced a partial recovery of ABF (mean 3.23 +/- 0.56 l/mn, +8%, p less than 0.05). This one was confirmed at the end of operation (mean 3.6 +/- 0.56 l/mn; -4% N.S.). Heart rate did not change significantly during monitoring period. From this results is seems that nicergoline perfusion induces a protection of hypertensive patients during peroperative decompensation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate (author's transl)].

A French instrumentation for transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate by means of a rectal probe containing a rotative transducer is presented. Typical ultrasonographic images are shown. Accurate information on the size of the gland is obtained by this method and adenomas can easily be distinguished from adenocarcinomas. The method might eventually be of considerable value for the screening of asymptomatic subjects and early detection of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗