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Biomedical subjects

D Castaing

Publications and source records attributed to D Castaing.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of portacaval anastomosis on plasma lipoproteins of lean and obese Zucker rats.

The distribution of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and proteins in the different lipoproteins was studied in lean and obese Zucker rats under 2 conditions: non-operated and after portacaval anastomosis (PCA). All lipoproteins, but mainly the d less than 1.006 g/ml (chylomicrons + VLDL) fraction, were increased in obese rats. They were hypertriglyceridemic (+ 675%) and hypercholesterolemic (+ 207%). PCA decreased cholesterolemia by about 50% and triglyceridemia by 50-70% in both lean and obese rats. Except for VLDL, enriched in TG in obese rats, proportions of C, TG, PL and proteins in lipoproteins were about the same in obese and lean Zucker rats and were nearly unchanged by PCA, suggesting an increased number of particles in obese rats and a decreased number after PCA. Lipoproteins of obese rats were enriched in apo C and proportions of apo E and apo B were decreased in the d less than 1.006 g/ml fraction. PCA decreased the proportion of apo C in all lipoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of portacaval shunt on the cholesterol metabolism of genetically hypercholesterolemic rats ("Rico' strain).

The effects of portacaval anastomosis on the biodynamics of cholesterol in male adult rats of a genetically hypercholesterolemic strain (Rico) were studied using an isotopic equilibrium method. Animals received a sucrose-rich semipurified diet. In both hypercholesterolemic rats and controls, portacaval anastomosis decreased plasma cholesterol levels (27%), liver weight (35-43%) and total cholesterol content in liver and body pools. Rico rats were characterized by (1) a high input rate of newly synthesized cholesterol (internal secretion) (25.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 16.2 +/- 1.5 mg/day/rat in controls) related to increased hepatic cholesterogenesis, and (2) a high rate of cholesterol transformation into bile acids, while other parameters remained unchanged. Portacaval anastomosis decreased the internal secretion of cholesterol in Rico rats (20.1 +/- 2.0 mg/day/rat). Since the activity of the gut for cholesterol synthesis as shown by the fecal external secretion (cholesterol biosynthesized by the gut and directly eliminated in the gut and feces) was not modified, it is assumed that the reduction of internal secretion induced by portacaval anastomosis results from decreased hepatic cholesterogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Emergency liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis.

Orthotopic liver transplantation was done in 17 patients with fulminant hepatitis. The cause of the liver disease was infection with hepatitis B virus, or co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus, or infection with hepatitis A virus in 6 patients; drug hepatotoxicity in 5; and indeterminate in 6. Grafts from incompatible blood groups, steatotic grafts, or reduced-size grafts were used in 5, 4, and 4 patients, respectively. Of the 17 patients, 5 died: 2 of early liver failure due to the poor quality of the graft, 1 presumably of accidentally transmitted acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, and 2 of decerebration occurring during or immediately after surgery. The 12 other patients were alive 2 to 15 months after transplantation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Utility of operative ultrasound in the surgical management of liver tumors.

In this study the utility of operative ultrasound in the surgical management of 98 consecutive patients with liver and gastrointestinal tumors was assessed. All patients had preoperative work-up including ultrasound study of the liver as well as selective hepatic arteriography (50 patients) and computerized tomography of the liver (45 patients). At surgery, inspection and palpation of the liver as well as operative ultrasound examination were performed in all cases. Fifty-six patients were known to have liver tumors before operation, while 42 patients had their liver examined as part of the treatment of a primary gastrointestinal malignancy. A total of 126 liver tumors were found in 58 patients, all of whom were confirmed histologically. Eighteen nodules unsuspected before operation were found at surgery--nine by inspection and palpation of the liver, and nine others that were nonpalpable were found by operative ultrasound only. Eighteen lesions that were missed by all diagnostic modalities were found as secondary lesions on pathologic examination of the resected specimens. In addition to diagnostic applications, operative ultrasound was useful in localizing nodules and permitting guided biopsies deep in the hepatic parenchyma. In eight cases, segmental resections were performed with operative ultrasound to localize the plane of section and to catheterize the intrahepatic portal vein branch afferent to the tumor in order to perform balloon catheter occlusion of the vessel for control of bleeding. Operative ultrasound was found to be important in the surgical management of 19 of 98 patients (19%).

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effect of portacaval anastomosis on rat lipoproteins.

The distribution of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and protein in the different lipoproteins was studied in male Wistar rats under 2 conditions: control and 2 months after portacaval anastomosis (PCA). PCA decreased the levels of cholesterol and the other components in chylomicrons (-90%), very low density lipoproteins (-65 to -78%), LDL2 (1.040 less than d less than 1.063 g/ml; -51 to -61%) and HDL (1.063 less than d less than 1.21 g/ml), whereas no change was observed in LDL1 (1.006 less than d less than 1.040 g/ml). Apoprotein C contents were decreased in all lipoproteins. The relative proportions of C, TG, PL and proteins in lipoproteins were essentially unchanged by the shunt, suggesting a reduced number of lipoprotein particles in plasma after PCA. It was concluded that PCA reduced the levels of all lipoproteins secreted by liver and/or the intestine without modifying those of intraplasmatic origin (LDL1).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intraoperative ultrasonographic study of the liver. Methods and anatomic results.

In this study, we have reported our experience with the use of intraoperative ultrasonography in the field of liver surgery. Using the method, the intrahepatic segmental pedicles can be precisely located and thus, segmentectomies can be performed in an anatomic way. The technique allows the most economic parenchymal resection in cirrhotic patients which may be important for prevention of postoperative liver insufficiency.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1985

[Behavior of urinary magnesium in comparison with urinary calcium and oxaluria in rats subjected to portacaval anastomosis].

Rats with a portacaval anastomosis are known to be susceptible to develop uric acid stones. The present studies were undertaken to investigate urinary Mg, Ca and oxalate excretion in such rats. We found that their Mg excretion was doubled, Ca excretion tripled, and oxaluria somewhat decreased. The Ca crystallization attributed to the increased Ca2+ in the urine is, therefore, somewhat held in check by the increased presence of Mg in the urine and by decreased oxalates.

Animals↗