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Biomedical subjects

D Case

Publications and source records attributed to D Case.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cell populations associated with active probing attachment loss.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of cell populations to differentiate between untreated progressing periodontitis sites (P) and untreated non-progressing sites (NP). Pairs of biopsies were obtained from untreated periodontal patients, one biopsy from a site which had lost probing attachment of 2 mm or more within the previous month, the other biopsy from a non-progressing site. Cell populations were identified on 1 micron sections in a defined connective tissue area at the junctional epithelium. The cell types counted were fibroblasts, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), lymphoid cells, plasma cells, endothelial cells, total inflammatory cells, and the total number of cells. The number of fibroblasts, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, and inflammatory cells, as well as their percentage of the total number of cells, differed significantly between P- and NP-sites. In addition, the actual total counts differed between groups. The difference between groups was more significant for percent fibroblasts than for any other cell type. It appears that cell populations, particularly fibroblast counts, can aid in the histological discrimination between P and NP periodontitis lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High-dose 24-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil in metastatic prostate cancer. A phase II trial of the Piedmont Oncology Association.

Thirty-two patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate refractory to endocrine therapy were entered on trial. No patient entered in the study had prior chemotherapy. Patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil given at a dosage of 4 gm/m2 over a 24-hour period every 2 weeks. Of the 27 patients evaluable for response, there were no complete or partial remissions, but 9 (33%) had a stable disease. The 95% confidence interval for complete and partial response in this series (0 of 27 patients) is 0.0-12%. Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity was moderate. Two patients, however, experienced major but completely reversible neurotoxicity, including 1 with cerebellar ataxia and 1 with memory loss and stroke-like symptoms. These data indicate that high-dose fluorouracil used in this dosage and schedule is ineffective in the therapy of advanced carcinoma of the prostate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Root substance removal by scaling and root planing.

The amount of root substance removed by scaling and root planing is largely unknown. The present study evaluated in vitro the root substance loss caused by a defined number of working strokes at known forces. Forty extracted teeth with loss of connective tissue attachment into the middle third of the roots were washed and embedded in plaster, leaving one entire corono-apical tooth aspect exposed. The teeth were reproducibly repositioned in a bench-vise, where a profilometer repeatedly measured root surface levels at the same location. In a standard area of the roots a total of 40 working strokes were applied. Low forces were used in 30 teeth and high forces in 10 teeth. The forces were recorded using a piezo-electric receiver built into the upper shank of the curet. Root substance loss was measured after 5, 10, 20, and 40 working strokes. The results showed that the mean low force used per working stroke across all 40 strokes was 3.04 Newtons for the low forces, and 8.48 Newtons for the high forces. Mean cumulative loss of root substance across 40 strokes was 148.7 microns at low forces, and 343.3 microns at high forces. The mean force per stroke increased slightly across the 40 strokes, while substance removal per stroke decreased. Substance removal per stroke during strokes 1 to 5 was 6.8 microns using low forces and 20.6 microns using high forces. During strokes 21 to 40 mean removal per stroke was 2.3 microns at low forces, and 5.6 microns at high forces. These results suggest that high forces remove more root substance, and loss per stroke becomes less with increasing numbers of strokes.

Dental Scaling↗
PubMed1991

In vivo scaling and root planing forces.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the scaling and root planing forces exerted in vivo. Ten dentists and 10 dental hygienists scaled and root planed one aspect of an incisor in an adult patient with untreated advanced periodontitis. During scaling and root planing forces were recorded using a piezo-electric receiver, an electronic transducer, and an analogous writer. The forces were recorded in mA and converted into Newtons (N). The results showed that the mean scaling force applied by dentists was 5.70 N and ranged between 1.01 to 10.35 N. The corresponding values for dental hygienists were a mean of 5.38 N, and a range of 1.52 to 15.73 N. The root planing forces in dentists reached a mean of 4.62 N, and ranged between 0.86 to 8.88 N. For hygienists, these values were 4.58 N with a range of 1.56 to 10.59 N. Negative forces impacting on the periodontal soft tissues were also recorded. They were not present in all therapists, but consistently at work within specific therapists. During scaling these forces reached a mean of -0.40 N in dentists and -0.47 N in dental hygienists. During root planing, these forces were mean -0.59 N in dentists, and -0.81 N in hygienists. There were no statistically significant differences between scaling forces and root planing forces, nor between forces used by dentists and hygienists (P greater than 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the force levels of the individual therapists for all positive forces (P = 0.0001), and for negative forces during root planing (P = 0.0001). The technology and information provided by this investigation may enable studies evaluating clinical effectiveness of scaling and root planing doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

2' Deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a CALGB phase II study.

Seventy-six eligible patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with 2'-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) at a dose of 4 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for three weeks and then every other week for a minimum of five total treatments. All patients had measurable disease, near normal hematologic, renal, and hepatic function, and a performance status of 0 or 1. Severe hematologic toxicity was observed in 13% of patients; severe renal or neurologic toxicity was observed in less than 5% of patients. There were no treatment-related deaths. Objective therapeutic responses were seen in 16% of patients (five complete response [CR] and seven partial response [PR]). However, in three of the patients achieving CR and one patient achieving PR, dexamethasone was employed as an anti-emetic, making the response of these patients to pentostatin difficult to evaluate. There were eight responses (3 CR) in patients with diffuse histologies and four responses (2 CR) in patients with nodular or mixed histologies. Three responses were in patients with a T-cell phenotype. Three of five patients with diffuse well-differentiated lymphoma (IWF A) responded. We conclude that 2' deoxycoformycin is only minimally active at this dose and schedule against refractory or relapsed NHL. The possibility that low grade B- and T-cell malignancies are more sensitive to 2' deoxycoformycin deserves further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Decision rules for the ECG diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction.

ECG measurements from 341 patients with inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) and 327 normal subjects were used to develop and test decision rules for the ECG diagnosis of IMI. Recursive partitioning provided a simple decision rule with 75% sensitivity and 97% specificity, using Q amplitude and Q duration in a VF, Q duration in III, and T-wave axis in the frontal plane as decision variables. Dropping T-wave axis from the decision rule led to a 10% decrease in sensitivity. Multiple logistic regression provided sensitivities and specificities which were similar to those for recursive partitioning. Both methods outperformed traditional noncontour criteria for IMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

How reproducible are flow cytometry data from paraffin-embedded blocks?

The purpose of this technical report is to determine the reproducibility of flow cytometry data for ploidy and cell cycle kinetics using paraffin-embedded blocks of breast cancer tissue. One block from each of 39 tumors was studied in this report with each block having multiple sections analyzed independently. All of these sections gave ploidy analyses, while only 34 gave cell kinetic values. The standard deviation for the DNA index value in the multiple analysis study was less than 0.1 in all but three cases. The cell kinetic values gave larger variability, and the actual values were dependent on the method of analysis. Comparison of the variability for each method of analysis could not predict which procedure was superior. These results would indicate that ploidy is a reproducible value, while cell kinetic parameters should only be used as an indicator of proliferative activity that has been normalized to the mean or median of a large set of observations processed and analyzed by the same procedure.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Spinal cord compression in breast cancer.

Myelography was performed on 78 patients with breast cancer who had signs or symptoms compatible with spinal cord compression. Of 42 patients (54%) with extradural defects, 21 (50%) had a complete block. All patients with positive myelograms (M+) had a positive bone scan and 41 of 42 (97%) had positive skeletal x-rays. Except for paraplegia, paraparesis, or a sensory level abnormality, signs and symptoms were usually not precise enough to accurately predict patients with cord lesions; however, back pain, paresthesias, and bladder or bowel dysfunction were significantly more common in M+ patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein was elevated in almost all M+ patients but also in approximately half of the M- group. Cytology and glucose analysis of CSF were not of value in predicting cord involvement. Response to treatment was better for patients with fewer sites of metastatic disease and a shorter time from diagnosis to treatment. There was no notable difference in survival between M+ and M- patients. Myelography remains the most precise tool for diagnosing spinal cord lesions. Unfortunately, the prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer is poor regardless of whether spinal cord compression is present.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mitoxantrone in malignant lymphoma.

Two phase II trials of mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) in refractory malignant lymphoma have been conducted. In the first of these, mitoxantrone, 5 mg/m2, was given weekly for six weeks and in the second, 14 mg/m2 was administered every three weeks. The first trial was conducted by the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) and the second was a multicenter trial sponsored by Lederle Laboratories. Of the 51 patients entered in the SECSG trial, 28 could be evaluated for response and 43 for toxicity. WBC nadirs below 4.0 X 10(9)/litre were recorded in 25 patients. Three partial responses and no complete responses were obtained. These results contrast with those of the single dose every three weeks study in which 96 patients were entered and 69 of these were evaluated for response. Responses were obtained in 30 patients (4 complete, 26 partial). Side-effects on this three-weekly dose regimen were minimal. WBC nadirs below 4.0 X 10(9)/litre occurred in 85 patients. Twenty-three patients experienced at least mild nausea and vomiting and 15 had at least mild alopecia. These preliminary data indicate that mitoxantrone has significant activity in malignant lymphoma. All of the responding patients had received extensive prior therapy, many of them with anthracyclines in combination or as single agents. The higher response rate to mitoxantrone given at 14 mg/m2 every three weeks suggests that careful consideration should be given to dose schedule when this drug is examined further in phase III trials.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of flow cytometry results to clinical and steroid receptor status in human breast cancer.

Flow cytometry (FC), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) analyses were performed on 226 breast cancers. The presence of steroid receptors was inversely proportional to proliferative index and percent aneuploidy. Within the two ER (+ and -) groups, the presence of PR did not add significantly to the comparison. The mean proliferative index for the diploid tumors was 17.5 +/- 6.8 compared to 27.8 +/- 9.8 for aneuploid tumors (p less than .001). The degree of aneuploidy, or DNA index, was not related to cell cycle kinetics or steroid receptor status. In 163 tissues analyzed for percent tumor present, a correlation between the relative number of aneuploid cells and percent tumor in the histologic review was observed. A study of the diploid tumors indicated greater than 75% had at least 10% tumor cells by histologic review. Since with FC one can observe at least 10% aneuploid cells in a tumor sample, it is our opinion that the percent aneuploidy in this study is not artifactually low due to sampling error. There was no significant relationship between nodal status or number of positive nodes and proliferative index, aneuploidy, or steroid receptor status. Metastatic tumors had a higher mean proliferative index, but this was not statistically significant. There was a relationship between age and proliferative index but not between age and ploidy status. In a small group of patients there was a trend for proliferative index and percent aneuploidy to be higher in the poorly differentiated and larger tumors when compared to the well differentiated and smaller tumors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Cytotoxic chemotherapy and androgen priming in patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate. A phase II trial of the Piedmont Oncology Association.

Twenty-three patients with advanced prostatic cancer refractory to hormonal therapy were entered into a phase II study of cytotoxic chemotherapy combined with androgen priming. Patients received vincristine 0.5 mg on day 1; fluoxymesterone 10 mg p.o. TID, days 1-5; methotrexate 4 mg/m2 p.o., days 1-7; and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 I.V., day 8. Patients entered had no prior chemotherapy, most were symptomatic but ambulatory (18/23), and almost all had bone metastases (22/23). There were two stable responses and 14 progressions in 16 patients evaluable for response. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities were substantial. Androgen priming was an unsatisfactory method of improving response in this trial.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A phase II study of dibromodulcitol (DBD) in stage IV melanoma.

Twenty-four patients were evaluated in a non-randomized study to assess the effectiveness of dibromodulcitol (DBD) in Stage IV melanoma. Patients received 100 mg/m2 of DBD orally for 35 days. The dose was escalated to 130 mg/m2 and then to 160 mg/m2 if no significant hematologic toxicity occurred. There were no objective responses, including six patients who had had no prior chemotherapy. Five patients (21%) remained stable. Median survival was 151 days. Survival favored females, nonvisceral involvement pretherapy, and patients with a disease-free interval (DFI) of greater than 1 year. None of these advantages was statistically significant. Toxicity was predominantly hematologic, but nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and diarrhea were also seen. Oral DBD, using this dose and schedule, does not appear efficacious in advanced disseminated melanoma.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1977

Cat scratch disease. Report of a case.

Members of the health care professions who examine the head and neck regions should be familiar with cat scratch disease and consider it in a differential diagnosis. This article summarizes the history, literature, diagnosis, and treatment of cat scratch disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Linkage of gene for C2 deficiency and the major histocompatibility complex MHC in man. Family study of a further case.

Close linkage between HL-A and C2 deficiency was first reported by FU and co-workers in 1974. We present here a pedigree of a 31-year-old C2-deficient individual with clinical manifestations of Hodgkins disease. The following markers were tested: C2 levels, factor B polymorphism, blood groups, and enzyme typing. In addition to close linkage between HL-A and C2 deficiency, both parents were heterozygous for Bf (HL-A linked, electrophoretic variation of B). The two HL-A haplotypes closely linked to C2 deficiency are different: 2, W18 and W24, W18. They share, however, the SD2 antigen W18 and the LD type 7a.

Adult↗