Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Carter.
The unexpected finding of a pulmonary nodule in an asymptomatic patient is a common clinical event. This paper examines the case of a 64-year-old woman who was discovered to have a small pulmonary nodule on routine examination. Differential diagnosis, modes of examination, and pathological findings are examined.
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The survival from bronchogenic carcinoma is highly dependent upon stage at the time of treatment. This is particularly true for squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, but holds true for small cell carcinoma as well. The problem presented to the medical profession has been to find a practical means of detecting lung cancer while it is still at an early stage. Three studies in progress have indicated that a larger proportion of the patients may be found to have early stage lung cancer when screened with a combination of chest X-rays and sputum cytology. However, the detection of these early stage cases has not yet been translated into an improvement in the overall mortality rate from lung cancer.
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Controversy surrounds the diagnosis, classification, and therefore the epidemiology of those tumors which have been designated as mesotheliomas. The group includes lesions which are as broadly different as benign fibrous lesions which some authors refer to as fibromas and anaplastic tumors which are extremely difficult to differentiate from peripheral lung cancers. The former are benign tumors which are usually readily resected and therefore cured. The latter are unresectable tumors which are invariably fatal and which may terminate with extensive metastatic disease. The reasons for including all of these lesions under the category of mesothelioma and the differential diagnosis of the various types is discussed.
This article explores the application of the community oriented primary care (COPC) model to primary care. The authors describe how the health needs of the population were assessed and met.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of the neu protein antigen in non-neoplastic, mammary epithelial cells of prepartum and actively lactating women. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from breast biopsies obtained from four prepartum and seven postpartum, lactating women were stained for neu antigen with one commercially available monoclonal antibody (Ab 3), one commercially available polyclonal antibody (Ab-1), and another independently prepared polyclonal antibody (21N). Antigen competition experiments were carried out alongside as negative controls, and two strongly neu-positive breast carcinomas were included as positive controls. RESULTS: Membranes and cytoplasmic elements of two of the four prepartum and four of the seven lactating specimens stained as strongly or nearly as strongly for neu antigen as did those of the breast carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the expression of neu antigen by mammary epithelial cells just before and during lactation and suggest a possible role for this receptor in the lactational differentiation of the normal female breast.