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Biomedical subjects

D Carr

Publications and source records attributed to D Carr.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Human chorionic gonadotropin and malignant mesothelioma.

A 56-year-old male presented with ascites and gynecomastia. Laparoscopy demonstrated peritoneal tumors which were biopsied. Conventional histology and electron microscopy revealed the tumor to be a malignant mesothelioma. The ascitic fluid and tumor cell lysate, but not serum, contained hCG by specific assay, and the immunoreactive hCG had characteristics similar to purified hCG in filtration on Sephadex G-100. Malignant mesothelioma is a tumor which may be associated with elevated hCG concentrations. Demonstration of hCG in ascitic fluid should suggest the presence of neoplasm.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Hyperprolactinaemia in a patient with the McCune-Albright Syndrome.

A patient is presented with the syndrome of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and precocious puberty (McCune-Albright Syndrome). In adult life she developed hyperprolactinaemia with galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea; there was also evidence of excessive secretion of growth hormone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Magnification renal arteriography.

Magnification selective renal arteriograms were performed on 24 patients, 12 of whom were hypertensive, and compared with non-magnification arteriograms by two observers independently. The magnification angiograms were performed on a Siemens Microfocus Bi 125/3/50 RG tube with a 0.1 mm focal spot. Of the 24 patients examined, information crucial to the diagnosis was found only on the magnification films in three patients (12.5%). Extra information compared with the nonmagnification films was found in the magnification films in 12 patients (50%). No additional information was discovered in the remaining nine patients (37.5%). The magnification angiograms enabled the interlobular vessels to be visualized--this was not possible on the non-magnification films. Against the additional information gained must be weighed the disadvantages of magnification arteriography which include increased radiation dose and lengthening of procedure time plus additional injections of contrast. In conclusion, there is a place for magnification renal arteriography and the advantages seem to outweigh the disadvantages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Endogenous opioids and fever: a hypothesis.

The explosion of knowledge set off by the characterization of endorphins and their receptors has created opportunities for new perspectives on a variety of phenomena. This brief essay examines one such phenomenon--the human febrile response--and proposes an alteration of the current model of the neuroendocrine circuitry controlling body temperature. Using behavioral thermoregulation as a starting point, we shall touch upon implications of this model for describing other forms of goal-directed motor activity.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1977

Motor performance after unilateral hemisphere damage in patients with tumor.

Hemispheric asymmetry of sensory-motor control has been hypothesized on the basis of clinical and experimental data, but discrepant data indicate asymmetry may vary with task requirements. To examine this possibility, the performance of normal controls and patients with right or left hemispheric tumors were compared on a variety of motor tasks of varying complexity. Group differences were significant only for the two most complex of six tasks; since these two tasks differ in quality (proximal steadiness and distal dexterity), it is unlikely that quality differences are crucial. On these tasks, the group with left hemisphere damage demonstrated bilateral impairment while the right hemisphere group's deficits were contralateral to lesion site. These results support previous data and Liepmann's hypothesis of hemispheric asymmetry of sensory-motor control. Task complexity and the more specific hypothesis of sensory-motor sequencing are important factors influencing hemispheric asymmetry of control.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Kinematic effects of deafferentation and cerebellar ablation.

Trajectories of hand movements directed visually toward a stationary target were compared by kinematic methods in control monkeys, those with bilateral upper limb deafferentation, those with cerebellar ablation and those with both these lesions. The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether: (1) deafferented animals display kinematic abnormalities similar to those of decerebellate animals, and (2) a combination of these two lesions results in cumulative motor disorders. The decerebellate preparation had significant increases of the ratio of path length to target distance, mean deviation from a straight line path, segment angle (average change in direction between successive segments of the trajectory), target angle (average angle between the path taken by the hand and a straight line path to the target), peak velocity, average acceleration and peak acceleration. The deafferented preparation had increases of these parameters significantly greater than the decerebellate preparation. Neither preparation showed abnormalities of average linear velocity. The deafferented preparation rendered decerebellate had significant additional increases in all parameters except average segment angle, an index of angular velocity. Scatter plots of acceleration versus velocity and of segment angle versus target angle revealed increasing dispersion in the sequence: control, decerebellate, deafferented, deafferented with subsequent cerebellar ablation. The quantitative demonstration of cumulative worsening of motor performance when the deafferented animal is rendered decerebellate indicates that there are mechanisms of cerebellar dysmetria independent of the fusimotor efferent-spindle afferent reflex arc.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1976

Growth hormone and insulin binding to human liver.

Specific binding of 125I-hGH to human liver was found in autopsy specimens from 12 to 15 patients. Specific binding was studied using a new technique employing 20 mu thich "microslices" cut on a cryostat. About 0.5 to 1 mg of tissue per assay tube makes feasible the study of small samples. The range of specific binding was 1.4 to 11.7% of 80,000 cpm 125I-hGH added expressed per mg dry weight of tissue. Specific binding was also demonstratable in homogenates and crude membrane preparations from liver. No correlation was seen between 125I-hGH binding and age, sex, or pathology in the series of patients studied. No specific binding of 125I-hGH was observed in lung, adrenal, spleen, or kidney, although all the tissues bound 125I-insulin. Of several species of growth hormone tested, only primate GH displaced 125I-hGH from its binding sites in human liver. No displacement was seen with ovine or human prolactin or with insulin. Primate placental lactogens had only 0.5-1.0% potency of native hGH in displacing 125I-hGH from human liver. Ungulate placental extracts, however, were equipotent with hGH in this respect.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

Liver volume determination by ultrasound: a feasibility study.

The feasibility and precision of an ultrasound method for determining the volume of the liver have been assessed using a Nuclear Enterprises B-scan machine. A relation between estimated liver volume and body weight has been established, showing that liver volume can be determined with a precision of +/- 195 cm3 (P less than or equal 0-05). With the standard non-grey-scale imaging technique employed there is a degree of uncertainty in deciding the liver boundaries, and this constitutes the major source of error.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1975

Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone: actions on thyrotrophin and prolactin secretion after thyrotrophinreleasing hormone.

The hypothalamic tetradecapeptide growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) blocked the thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in normal people and in patients with primary hypothyroidism. This inhibition was dose related. The TRH-induced prolactin release was not affected by GH-RIH. This dissociation of the thyrotrophin and prolactin responses to TRH by GH-RIH suggests that there are different mechanisms for release of thyrotrophin and prolactin and that only the former is affected by GH-RIH.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone in acromegaly.

Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GHRIH) was administered by constant infusion over 75 minutes to eight acromegalic patients at different doses. 100 to 1,000 mug were equally effective in reducing circulating growth hormone (GH) levels; 25 mug lowered GH levels in only five patients, and at this dose the extent of the fall was smaller than from doses of 100 mug or more. 10 mug was ineffective. Injection of single doses of 500 mug by intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes caused only small and transient reductions in GH levels, though the effect was improved by injecting the hormone intramuscularly in 2 ml of 16% gelatin. Injection of a suspension of 4 mg GHRIH in 1 ml of arachis oil lowered growth hormone levels for between three and four hours.In four acromegalic patients an oral 50-g glucose tolerance test was performed during a continuous infusion of either saline or 1,000 mug GHRIH. The "paradoxical" rise in growth hormone seen in these patients during the saline infusion was suppressed by GHRIH. The blood glucose responses were, moreover, modified by GHRIH in that the peak was delayed and occurred at the end of the infusion in each case. A "normal" glucose tolerance curve was converted to a "diabetic" type of response in two patients. This effect could be accounted for by the inhibition of insulin secretion known to occur with large doses of GHRIH.We speculate that acromegaly may be primarily a hypothalmic disease due to deficiency of GHRIH resulting in excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary and adenoma formation due to inappropriate and prolonged stimulation of the pituitary.

Acromegaly↗