Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D C Zuroff

Publications and source records attributed to D C Zuroff.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Bulimic Automatic Thoughts Test: initial reliability and validity data.

The Bulimic Automatic Thoughts Test (BATT) was designed to address some of the limitations found in previous measures of the cognitions of bulimic patients. In this study, bulimic, depressed, obese, and normal subjects were differentiated on the BATT, which suggests that it is a useful measure for detecting cognitions specific to bulimic patients. Scores on the BATT improved after a trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the bulimic subjects. The BATT may be useful in predicting which bulimic women will continue to have distorted thinking after treatment and will require additional intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Situational dieting self-efficacy and short-term regulation of eating.

The Situation-Based Dieting Self-Efficacy Scale (SDS) measures dieters' beliefs in their abilities to adhere to a diet in eating situations. The scale has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Female dieters were recruited who were either high or low on SDS, and assigned either to consume a high calorie preload or to a no preload condition. Subjects with high SDS ate less in a subsequent "taste rating" task than subjects with low SDS. Amount eaten was not predicted by hunger, weight, palatability, mood, or restrained eating style. This finding challenges the tendency to view all dieters as equally likely to lapse in response to dietary challenges.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Family origins of adolescent self-criticism and its continuity into adulthood.

We used a prospective longitudinal design to examine the relation between parenting experiences at age 5 and level of self-criticism at age 12 and the stability of self-criticism from age 12 to age 31 in 156 subjects. The results showed that mothers' reports of parenting behaviors that reflect restrictiveness and rejection were related to the development of self-criticism, particularly when received from the same-sex parent. Partial correlational analyses revealed that the parenting-self-criticism relations remained significant when the mother's report of the child's early temperament was statistically controlled. The results also showed that for women, self-criticism was very stable from early adolescence to young adulthood. By contrast, there was no relation between self-criticism at ages 12 and 31 for men; however, there was a strong relation for men between age 12 self-criticism and inhibited aggressive impulses at age 31.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A new measure of weight locus of control: the Dieting Beliefs Scale.

This article describes the construction and preliminary validation of a new scale of weight locus of control, the Dieting Beliefs Scale. The 156-item scale demonstrated moderate internal consistency and high test-retest reliability in a sample of undergraduate women. Principal-components analysis suggested three factors. The three factors were interpretable and had distinct relations with a variety of weight-related and psychological variables. The results suggest that weight locus of control is a multidimensional construct, and they provide a possible explanation for the inconsistent findings concerning the relation between weight locus of control and dieting success. Implications for the study of dieting relapse and for the construction of treatment programs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychometric properties of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire in a college population.

The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976) was developed to permit the study of the continuities between normal and pathological forms of depression. Since its publication over 10 years ago, the DEQ has been increasingly used in a wide range of investigations of depression in clinical and nonclinical samples and as a measure of two major personality dimensions in a number of studies of differential responsiveness to various life stressors. This study provides an analysis of the DEQ responses in a large sample of undergraduate subjects in an attempt to articulate more clearly the psychometric properties of the DEQ. The DEQ consists of 66 items describing experiences frequently reported by depressed individuals. In the original development of the DEQ, factor analyses using male and female undergraduate samples yielded three orthogonal factors, Dependency, Self-Criticism, and Efficacy (Blatt et al., 1976). Most subsequent studies have used the factor scoring coefficients from the female sample to score men and women's DEQs. The factor loadings in the new male and female samples were very similar to one another and to the original female factor loadings. Thus, the continued use of the scoring parameters from the original female sample is recommended. Factor scores for Dependency and Self-Criticism continue to be uncorrelated in both men and women. Normative data are presented from the new samples, with men scoring higher on Self-Criticism and women scoring higher on Dependency.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Emotion recognition in schizophrenic and depressed inpatients.

The performance of schizophrenic inpatients (N = 14), depressed inpatients (N = 15), and normal hospital employees (N = 15), all females, was compared on Izard's (1971) test of emotion recognition. Subjects were required to match photographs of facial expressions of emotion with the correct label for the emotion. The average numbers of errors of four types were examined: Positive or neutral emotions mislabelled as other positive or neutral emotions; positive or neutral emotions mislabelled as negative; negative emotions mislabelled as positive or neutral; and negative emotions mislabelled as other negative emotions. The principal findings were (1) the schizophrenics were less accurate than normals, but they were not less accurate than the depressives, nor were they less accurate on negative than positive or neutral emotions; (2) the depressives did not display any form of negative bias in emotion recognition; and (3) both groups of inpatients were less accurate than normals when they labelled an emotion as positive or neutral, but not when they labelled it as negative. Implications of the results for the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and depression were noted.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Schizophrenic and depressed inpatients' perceptions of congruent and incongruent communications.

Schizophrenic inpatients (N = 14), depressed inpatients (N = 15), and normal hospital employees (N = 15), all females, were compared on an interpersonal perception task. Subjects rated how accepting and how loving they perceived an actress to be in each of several videotapes. There were four types of videotaped behavior, defined by the possible combinations of positive or negative messages in the verbal and nonverbal channels. Based on prior research, it was expected that the schizophrenics would be more influenced by the verbal channel; based on Beck's theory of depression, it was expected that the depressives would show a bias toward perceiving the actress to be less friendly. The principal findings were that: the three groups' perceptions of the actress were influenced equally by the verbal channel; the schizophrenics were less influenced by the nonverbal channel than were the normals, but they did not differ in that regard from the depressives; and the depressives tended (p less than .10) to perceive the actress as less friendly than did the other groups. Deficits in schizophrenics' communication skills appeared not to be specific to schizophrenia.

Communication↗