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Biomedical subjects

D C Young

Publications and source records attributed to D C Young.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of cold insoluble globulin on carcinoma cell growth in vitro.

The effects of cold insoluble globulin (CIG) on short-term cultures of Walker 256 carcinoma cells have been determined. Carcinoma cell proliferation in the presence of normal or heat-treated (opsonically inactive) rat serum, affinity-purified CIG, albumin, or medium alone was measured by determination of [3H]TdR incorporation into cellular DNA and by actual cell counts. The addition of serum or affinity-purified CIG significantly reduced proliferation compared with that which occurred in the presence of albumin or medium alone. The reduced proliferation caused by CIG is due to an inhibition of cell growth (cytostasis) rather than to cell death (cytotoxicity) as demonstrated by a lack of [125I]UdR release from prelabeled carcinoma cells incubated with CIG.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The efficacy of an estradiol-silicone rubber removable implant in suckling, growing and finishing steers.

Sixty steer calves, 42 Simmental x Hereford and 18 Hereford, averaging 59 days of age and 78 kg, were assigned to six estradiol-17 beta implant treatments. Implants were cut from cylindrical formed tubes containing a mix of 80% nonpolymerized silicone and 20% microcrystalline estradiol-17 beta by weight and cut into lengths that provided 0, 8.5, 15.6, 30.7, 30.9 and 46.7 micrograms estradiol- 17 beta/day over a 499-day trial period. Two types, a coated and solid implant, were tested at the 31-microgram level; all others were coated with a solid placebo used for the 0-microgram or control treatment. Animal performance was recorded through the suckling, growing and finishing phases of production, and carcass data were collected. Cumulative gains over the 499 days were greater (P less than .05) for the steers given 30.9- and 46.7-micrograms levels than for those given 0-, 8.5- and 15.6-microgram levels, with respective daily gains being .97 and .97 vs .90, .90 and .89 kg; steers given the implant delivering 30.7 micrograms daily tended to gain more (P less than .10) than the controls: .95 vs. 90 kilograms. These values represent a 6% increase in gain over the control with the 30.7-kg coated implant and an 8% increase with the 30.9-microgram solid and 46.7-microgram coated implants. Implants did not improve feed efficiency during a 65-day feedlot period. Neither the amount of estradiol-17 beta nor the type of implant significantly influenced any carcass parameters except maturity. As the dose rate increased, the degree of carcass maturity increased. Type of implant did not affect gain during any period or any of the carcass measures. Results of this study indicate that a single implant of estradiol-17 beta delivering approximately 30.7 micrograms/day will improve weight gains over a long period of time and increase carcass maturity grade of steers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Correlation of prognostic factors and blood lymphocyte subtypes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The total lymphocyte, T, B, and null cell content of peripheral blood from 32 healthy individuals and 30 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was determined. The patients had a significant reduction of B cells (complement receptor and membrane immunoglobulin positive cells) and a significant reduction in T cells. Correlation of patients' characteristics with lymphocyte abnormalities demonstrated several findings. Patients with advanced disease (III and IV) had significantly lower total lymphocyte and T cells than patients with localized disease (I and II) or normal controls. Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia had lower total lymphocyte and T cells than patients with normal gamma globulin status or normal controls. Patients with diffuse histology and B symptoms had lower total lymphocyte and T cells than normal controls. Discriminant analysis of lymphocyte populations categorized patients by disease extent and gamma globulin status with 70 and 68% accuracy, respectively.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1980

Fetal scalp blood pH sampling: its value in an active obstetric unit.

Two hundred thirty-two patients had fetal scalp blood pH sampling performed from January 1, 1978, to September 30, 1978. Ninety-eight percent of samples were obtained for fetal heart rate (FHR) changes: 62% for variable decelerations, 10% for late and 3% for early decelerations, 10% for decreased baseline variability, and 12% for baseline rate abnormalities. Fourteen fetuses were mildly acidotic, and six were severely acidotic. All were delivered within 1 hour of the last fetal blood sample. Acidosis was significantly more frequent with late decelerations (p less than 0.05). Neonatal depression was significantly more frequent (50% incidence) only with severe fetal acidosis (p less than 0.05). Complications of fetal blood sampling occurred in 15 infants (6%), and all were minor. Based on independent review of the FHR tracings by three members of the perinatal department, it was estimated that 20 to 30 cesarean sections were avoided by determining fetal blood pH (approximately 10%).

Acidosis↗
PubMed1980

Influence of maternal oxygen administration on the term fetus before labor.

Thirty-two healthy pregnant women at term who were to undergo cesarean section following epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive preoperatively, by face mask, room air or oxygen for more than 10 minutes. Patients were kept at a left lateral tilt position of 15 degrees and were unaware which gas was administered. Oxygenation significantly increased (p less than 0.05) maternal PO2 to 283 mm Hg (SD 67). The cord vein PO2 of the group receiving oxygen was 34 mm Hg (SD 6), significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the value of 26 mm Hg (SD 7) in the group receiving room air. The cord artery PO2 of the oxygen group was also significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 20 mm Hg (SD 6) versus 15 mm Hg (SD 6). No other cord gas values were significantly different. There was no significant difference in the cord vein-artery PO2 differential. There was no significant difference in the infants' hematocrits determined at 4 hours of age in the two groups. All infants were in excellent condition (1-minute Apgar score greater than or equal to 8).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of ionic environment on the inactivation of poliovirus in water by chlorine.

The rate of inactivation of poliovirus in water by chlorine is strongly influenced by the pH, which in turn influences the relative amounts of HOCl and OCl- that are present and acting on the virus in the region of pH 6 to 10. The distribution of HOCl and OCl- is influenced to a lesser extent by the addition of NaCl. The major part of the sharp increase in disinfection rate seen with this salt is thought to be due to its effect on the virus itself resulting in an increased chlorine sensitivity, especially at high pH.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1980

Effect of various levels of monensin on efficiency and production of beef cows.

Ninety-six gravid cows were allotted to three replications of four treatments. Monensin treatments consisted of 0, 50, 200 and 300 mg per head per day. The basic feed was meadow hay with .45 kg of barley per head per day. Feed was adjusted periodically to maintain equal weight gain between treatments. Initial cow weights for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg treatments were 455, 447, 456 and 457 kg, respectively. Daily prepartum cow gains were .34, .38, .38 and .37 kg (P greater than .05) for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg levels, respectively. Treatments were terminated about 30 days after calving. Over the entire treatment period, including 30 days postpartum, daily losses for the cows were .12, .05, .10 and .17 kg (P greater than .05) for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg levels, respectively. Hay consumption was 92, 88 and 90% of the controls for the 50-, 200- and 300-mg groups. Adjusted weaning weights for the calves were 124, 134, 129 and 133 (P greater than .05) for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg groups, respectively, with calves being weaned at 139 days of age. Control cows came into estrus an average of 44 days postpartum as compared to 44, 41 and 45 days for the cows given 50-, 200- and 300-mg treatments, with no differences in conception rates. Concentration of rumen acetic and butyric acid production was reduced and propionic increased with the 200- and 300-mg levels. Monensin feeding improved efficiency and reduced hay requirements without reducing production or reproductive performance.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Partial reactivation of chlorine-treated echovirus.

After treatment of a dispersed suspension of echovirus with HOCl, much of the lost plaque titer was restored if the treated virus was induced to aggregate by adjustment of the suspending medium to pH 4.5. This did not appear to be a repair of individual virions but rather a special kind of multiplicity-related increase in plaquing efficiency which occurred when the host cell received several of the damaged virions in a clump.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1977

Poliovirus aggregates and their survival in water.

Inactivation of aggregated poliovirus by bromine is characterized by a continuously decreasing reaction rate. Poliovirus released from infected cells in these experiments by alternate freezing and thawing in water without electrolytes has always been aggregated. The aggregates persist even on 7,000-fold dilution in ion-free water. Virus similarly released into phosphate-buffered saline solution may be well dispersed, but it aggregates when sedimented into a salt-free sucrose gradient or when it is diluted as little as 10-fold in water. Large one-step dilutions of dispersed virus in water remain dispersed. Aggregated virus was not dispersed by one-step dilution (7,000-fold) in distilled or untreated lake water but was dispersed if phosphate-buffered saline or clarified secondary sewage plant effluent was used as diluent. Dispersed virus aggregates at all dilutions in alum-treated, finished water from the city filter plant. This may be the result of complex formation with insoluble material rather than virion-virion aggregation. A simple procedure is described for rendering a very dilute suspension of mixed virion aggregates into a three-part spectrum of sizes.

Bromine↗