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D C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to D C Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Capsaicin-induced inhibition of axoplasmic transport is prevented by nerve growth factor.

Capsaicin injected into the scrotal skin of rats was observed to induce a decrease in the amount of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transported in the pudendal nerve to the sixth lumbar dorsal root ganglion on the pretreated side. This was seen as a decrease in the number of HRP-labelled neurones compared to the control side. A morphometric study confirmed that the effect of capsaicin was exerted predominantly on the small neurones. Injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into the pudendal nerve prevented the deleterious effects of capsaicin, thereby suggesting a possible site of action and mechanism for the effect of capsaicin on peripheral nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The sick child's predicament.

There is widespread criticism of medicine which contrasts with its manifest success in biotechnology. Medicine's failure to convince stems partly from the fact that its successful biotechnology distracts it from the mundane task of responding appropriately to components of commonplace sicknesses which do not stem from disease (things) or illness (symptoms) but from predicaments. Predicaments are painful social situations or circumstances, complex, unstable, morally charged and varying in their import in time and place, which are readily discernible from a good history. Predicaments are distinguished from environmental agents by being an aspect of social organisation rather than structures. Dangerous and excruciating predicaments are described as well as the predicaments of being sick, and being in hospital. Child psychiatrists are often presented with problems where diagnosis of disease or illness in the child is inappropriate and resolution of its predicament alleviates the distress that had been presented in the language of sickness. The model is capable of broader application in psychiatry and medicine. Doctors should be more concerned to know about the context and background of their patients' sickness, as patients give this information very freely if asked. If patients' complaints are misunderstood then medical responses, made in good faith, may be seen as dangerous intrusions leading to a loss of trust, anger, and litigiousness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The absorption of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in rat in-situ small intestine; the effect of lipophilicity.

Intestinal absorption characteristics of eleven beta-adrenoceptor antagonists were measured by monitoring their disappearance from in-situ intestinal loops in the anaesthetized rat. All have basic pKa values of around 9.5 (with the exception of sotalol) but show a wide range of lipophilic character (octanol-water log P values from -0.79 to 3.65). The results show two types of absorption behaviour, indicating different mechanisms for 'hydrophilic' and 'lipophilic' beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. The four most hydrophilic molecules (sotalol, atenolol, nadolol and practolol) show virtually identical absorption rate constants. Absorption is slow and relative rates in jejunum (mean pH 6.5) and ileum (mean pH 7.3) are not consistent with pH-partition (jejunum greater than or equal to ileum). The more lipophilic members of the series (pindolol, timolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, alprenolol and propranolol) are all absorbed much more rapidly. Absorption rate constant rises rapidly with log P and the expected pH effects are seen (ileum greater than jejunum). Acebutolol shows anomalously slow absorption for its log P value.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Hysteria.

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Child↗
PubMed1985

17/7 translocation trisomy: practical vindication of a model of sickness.

A girl was seen by a psychiatrist for relentless rubbing of her eyes and difficult behaviour. A proper diagnosis of her sickness required an understanding of the cause of her physical stigmata, which disclosed a previously undescribed chromosome anomaly (partial trisomy 17p); her mental handicap and behavioural disorder, which were partly a function of parental despair; and the predicament of her father and other carrier relatives who were identified through this child. Explanation or alteration of each component of sickness was necessary to achieve beneficial change.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Somato-visceral convergence in cat dorsal root ganglion neurones demonstrated by double-labelling with fluorescent tracers.

We have investigated the possibility of somato-visceral convergence in thoracic sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of cats, using the technique of double-labelling with fluorescent tracers. Combinations of propidium iodide (PI) and Fast Blue (FB) or bisbenzimide (Bb) were found to be the most appropriate. FB or Bb were injected into the splanchnic nerve, and PI into the intercostal nerves. The 9th-11th thoracic cord segments and ganglia were removed after perfusal and frozen sections cut. Single- and double-labelled neurones were observed in the DRG and single-labelled neurones only in the ventral horn (PI) and lateral horn (FB, Bb) of the thoracic spinal cord. The double-labelled neurones accounted for approximately 1% of all labelled neurones, although this may be an underestimate due to the techniques used to prevent migration of the tracer from labelled cells. The double-labelled neurones provide evidence for somato-visceral convergence and indicate that the pre-spinal convergence hypothesis could explain the phenomenon of referred pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Long lasting inhibition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport in sensory nerves induced by capsaicin pretreatment of the receptive field.

Capsaicin, when injected into the scrotal skin of adult rats was seen to produce a long-lasting desensitization. To investigate the possible effect of this treatment on the sensory neurones of the pudendal nerve, rats were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at different time intervals following pretreatment with capsaicin. The HRP was applied in two different ways. In one group of rats HRP was injected into both sides of the scrotal skin between 2 and 12 days after capsaicin pretreatment of one side of the scrotal skin. More HRP labelled neurones were seen in the S1 and L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) on the non-treated side than on the pretreated side. Similar results were obtained when the HRP was injected directly into the pudendal nerve. A marked decrease in the number of HRP labelled neurones on the pretreated side was observed even when HRP was injected into the nerve up to 1 year after the capsaicin pretreatment. It appears therefore that at least part of the effect of capsaicin on peripheral sensory neurones is due to an effect of capsaicin on the axoplasmic transport processes, and that this effect is long lasting.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Wells procedure for complete rectal prolapse. A ten-year experience.

A retrospective study evaluating 40 patients who underwent the Wells procedure for complete rectal prolapse has been carried out. The procedure is described in detail. Results show a 10 per cent (four patients) recurrence rate. Two have been successfully reoperated on. There was no mortality or morbidity related to the procedure. This relatively simple procedure can be tolerated by most patients presenting with the problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Overflow movements and behavior problems: scoring and using a modification of Fogs' test.

This study attempted to produce a simple, scorable test of neurological function and to see whether, in the absence of obvious central nervous system disease, the neurological impairments so defined were related to psychiatric disorders. 138 children aged between seven and 11 years from four schools undertook a standardised test based on the Fogs' test. Those who performed poorly on the test had a higher frequency of behaviour problems, motor inco-ordination and adverse perinatal events. Children with any kind of behaviour problem had more difficulty with the test than those without, but hyperactive children did worse than antisocial children. The strength of the statistical association between behaviour problems and functional neurological impairment varied with the social circumstances of the children. Neurological impairment was found more frequently among behaviour-problem children from suburban schools than those from inner-city schools. It appears that a degree of dysfunction lying between brain damage and normal variation places children at higher risk for the development of behaviour problems. Such dysfunction, together with psychosocial disadvantage, may be important aetiological factors in behaviour disorders during childhood.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1984

The neurological examination in child psychiatry: a review of its uses.

This review is an attempt to evaluate critically some of the recent literature on the clinical utility of the neurological examination in child psychiatric practice. Three separate but related issues are discussed; the accuracy of the examination in assessing cerebral dysfunction, the strength of the association between neurological signs and behaviour disorders and finally the clinical significance of this association. It is pointed out that not all neurological signs are of equal significance, but that developmental neurological signs which indicate cerebral immaturity are weakly associated not only with hyperactivity, but possibly with other behaviour disorders as well. Some of the methodological weaknesses in this literature are pointed out. Recent studies of children with motor impairment (clumsiness) are briefly mentioned as a potentially more fruitful avenue of research. It is concluded that the neurological examination may be useful in identifying sub-groups of behaviourally disturbed children who differ from other children with behaviour disorders in terms of etiology, prognosis or treatment needs. Unfortunately, little work has been done in this specific area and further research is needed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1984

The metabolism in animals and man of oxmetidine--a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist.

The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [14C]oxmetidine in rat, dog and man has been studied following both i.v. and oral administration. Excretion is rapid and essentially complete in all three species. The biliary route is predominant. Distribution of radioactivity is widespread although none is seen in the brain. Metabolite patterns in urine from rat, dog and man have been compared by thin-layer chromatography. Metabolite patterns in urine and bile from rat and dog have been compared by high pressure liquid chromatography. Six major metabolites have been isolated and identified including two O-glucuronides and one N-glucuronide.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

The pharmacokinetics in man of SK&F 93319--a new antagonist of histamine H1 and H2 receptors.

SK&F 93319, a potent histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonist, is rapidly absorbed with a low rate of plasma clearance primarily by metabolism. Excretion is divided evenly between urine and faeces (probable biliary elimination) with little unchanged drug in the urine. Serum protein binding at low concentrations is very extensive and appears to restrict distribution of SK&F 93319. At higher concentrations (higher dose levels) reduced protein binding results in a marked proportional increase in available free drug with a consequent increase in distribution and clearance. Bioavailability is reduced at higher dose levels. The importance of factors contributing to non-linear pharmacokinetics and the potential clinical consequences are demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tracing of sensory neurones and spinal motoneurones of the pigeon by injection of fluorescent dyes into peripheral nerves.

The projection of peripheral sensory and motor nerves was investigated in the pigeon (Columba livia) by means of retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes. Two combinations of fluorescent tracers were used that could be identified within the same cell when excited by light of 405 nm: 1) Propidium iodide and Bisbenzimide, which label the cytoplasm orange and the nucleus blue, respectively; 2) Fast Blue, which labels the cytoplasm blue, and Nuclear Yellow, which labels the nucleus (especially the nucleolar ring) yellow. The presence of the tracers in a given cell was confirmed microspectrophotometrically. Following injection of the tracers into peripheral nerves, labelled sensory neurones were seen in the dorsal root ganglia and motoneurones of the spinal cord. The peroneal and tibial nerves projected to L2-L5 and L2-L7, respectively, whereas the median and ulnar nerves projected to C12-Th2 and C13-Th1. Double-labelled sensory neurones were observed when both peroneal and tibial, or median and ulnar nerves were injected with different tracers. This indicates that some sensory neurones possess peripheral processes that dichotomize to pass down two different peripheral nerves. Double labelling was never seen in motoneurones, or in sensory neurones after tracer injection into the sciatic and femoral nerves.

Animals↗