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Biomedical subjects

D C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to D C Taylor.

224 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental muscle strain injury. Early functional and structural deficits and the increased risk for reinjury.

The structural and functional strength of a muscle immediately after an experimentally created strain injury was examined to provide clinically relevant information for the early treatment of muscle strain injuries. The extensor digitorum longus muscles of 12 adult male rabbits were studied. Contractile force and shortening, and peak load were determined for control muscles. A nondisruptive strain injury was created by stretching the experimental muscles just short of complete rupture. Contractile force generation and shortening, and peak load were determined after the experimental strain injury. Peak load was 63% and elongation to rupture was 79% for the experimental muscles relative to the controls. Statistically significant lower values for contractile force generation and shortening were also seen in the experimental muscles. Histologic and gross examinations revealed that incomplete disruptions occurred near the distal muscle-tendon junction. These experimental data suggest clinical implications, such as 1) a muscle-tendon unit is significantly more susceptible to injury following a strain injury than normal muscle, 2) early return to the uncontrolled environment of athletic competition may place the injured muscle at risk for further injury, and 3) therapeutic regimens designed to achieve an early return to competition may further increase the risk for additional injury by eliminating protective pain mechanisms. Although the decrements in peak load and elongation to failure are less than normal muscle, the values seem high enough to allow mobilization of the injured extremity and functional rehabilitation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic changes associated with shoulder dislocations. Arthroscopic and physical examination findings in first-time, traumatic anterior dislocations.

This prospective observational study was performed on young patients, less than 24 years old, with first-time, traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. These patients were offered either arthroscopic or nonoperative treatment. Fifty-three patients chose nonoperative treatment. Sixty-three patients elected to have arthroscopic procedures. The average patient age was 19.6 years. There were 59 men and 4 women. All procedures were performed within 10 days of dislocation. All 63 patients had hemarthrosis. Sixty-one of 63 (97%) patients treated surgically had complete detachment of the capsuloligamentous complex from the glenoid rim and neck (Perthes-Bankart lesion), with no gross evidence of intracapsular injury. Of the other two patients, one had an avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament from the neck of the humerus, and one had an interstitial capsular tear adjacent to the intact glenoid labrum. Fifty-seven patients had Hill-Sachs lesions; none were large. There were six superior labral anterior posterior lesions, two with detachment of the biceps tendon. There were no rotator cuff tears. Of the 53 nonoperatively treated patients, 48 (90%) have developed recurrent instability. In this population, the capsulolabral avulsion appeared to be the primary gross pathologic lesion after a first-time dislocation. These findings, associated with the 90% nonoperative recurrence rate, suggest a strong association between recurrent instability and the Perthes-Bankart lesion in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales. Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery.

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation method and the Rowe and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Between April 1993 and December 1996, 209 follow-up examinations were performed on 163 United States Military Academy cadets after shoulder surgery. These 209 examinations were divided into five follow-up categories: 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and greater than 2 years. The Rowe and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores from each subject's follow-up questionnaire were correlated with his or her Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation rating, which is determined by the subject's written response to the following question: "How would you rate your shoulder today as a percentage of normal (0% to 100% scale with 100% being normal)?" Correlation coefficients between the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation and the two scores were 0.51 to 0.79 for the Rowe score and 0.46 to 0.69 for the American Shoulder Elbow Surgeons score. The results of this study indicate that the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation correlates well with these two scores after shoulder surgery. This study suggests that this new evaluation method provides clinicians with a mechanism to gather outcomes data with little demand on their time and resources.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anabolic-androgenic steroid administration causes hypertrophy of immobilized and nonimmobilized skeletal muscle in a sedentary rabbit model.

Although the use of anabolic agents in athletics has generated extensive publicity and controversy, the potential therapeutic benefits of these drugs have not been fully investigated. This randomized, blinded experimental study investigated whether short-term administration of an anabolic-androgenic steroid can limit immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in a rabbit model. We casted one hindlimb each in 48 New Zealand White rabbits and randomly assigned the rabbits to two groups. The treated group received weekly intramuscular injections of the anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg). Immobilization significantly decreased muscle weights in both the treated rabbits and controls. Compared with controls, the body weights of the treated rabbits increased significantly at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks, wet weights, dry weights, and contractile forces were significantly greater in both the casted and noncasted tibialis anterior muscle-tendon units of the treated group. Dry weights and casted contractile forces of the extensor digitorum longus muscle unit at 4 weeks and all measures at 8 weeks were greater in the treated rabbits than in controls. These results are contrary to previously accepted views that anabolic-androgenic steroid use leads to muscle hypertrophy only in conjunction with strength training. This study adds to the growing evidence that anabolic-androgenic steroids can produce significant skeletal muscle hypertrophy in sedentary populations.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arterial complications and total knee arthroplasty.

Arterial complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are rare; however, the sequelae can be disastrous. Infection and the need for amputation or vascular reconstructive surgery are not uncommon. A thorough preoperative assessment can identify at-risk patients, many, if not all, of whom have preexisting peripheral arterial disease. In the presence of peripheral arterial disease, the use of a tourniquet during TKA has been implicated in subsequent arterial complications. Following the guidelines that have been established regarding preoperative assessment, the role of the vascular surgeon, and the use of a tourniquet before and during TKA can assist the orthopaedic surgeon in assessing candidates for TKA and reducing the risk of arterial complications.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nocardia asteroides sepsis of the knee.

Nocardia asteroides as an infecting agent has been an increasingly identified pathogen in humans, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. The Nocardia organisms as a cause of septic arthritis have been very unusual and in all previously reported cases have occurred in immunosuppressed patients. This is a report of two additional patients, one of whom has had no history of immunosuppression either before infection or subsequent to treatment and resolution of the infection. The second is a case of a questionably immunosuppressed patient with Nocardia asteroides septic arthritis. These cases reemphasize the importance of performing not only the most common aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures but also fungal and acid-fast bacilli cultures for early identification of less common organisms and for the initiation of appropriate therapy.

Adult↗