The Indian medical graduate in America, 1965. A survey of selected characteristics.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D C Ferguson
Publications and source records attributed to D C Ferguson.
The Turkish medical graduate in America 1965. A survey of selected characteristics.
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Adult↗
A microtiter plate assay for inorganic phosphate.
A microtiter assay for the detection of picomolar quantities of inorganic phosphate has been described. The assay, linear between 50 and 1000 pmol of inorganic phosphate, is simple and rapid, with results obtainable in several minutes. Results from 5'-nucleotidase and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase assays using this method were compared with conventional phosphate assays and showed a high degree of correlation. The high sensitivity of this assay and the small sample size needed allows its widespread use in biochemical studies involving the generation of inorganic phosphate.
5'-Nucleotidase↗
Effect of the distal remnant on ileal adaptation.
The ileum has a greater adaptive capacity than the jejunum after intestinal resection, which may be, in part, related to increased exposure to luminal contents and intrinsic properties of the ileum However, the intestinal remnant might contribute to this adaptive response as well. Our aim was to determine the effect of the distal intestinal remnant on ileal adaptation when the ileum is proximal in the intestinal tract. Twenty-one Lewis rats were included in the study. One group (n = 7) served as unoperated control subjects, the second group (n = 7) underwent transposition of the jejunum and ileum, and the third group (n = 7) underwent 50% proximal resection with syngeneic transplantation of the ileum Nutritional status and structural adaptation were studied at 14 days. Animals in both the transposition and transplant groups initially lost weight but weights returned to above preoperative levels at 14 days. Food intake, stool weight, and serum albumin levels were similar in these two groups. Intestinal weight and diameter were similar in the proximal end of the ileal segment in the two study groups and were significantly increased compared to control values (0.26 +/- 0.04 and 0.31 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.10 +/- 0.0 g/cm and 8.4 +/- 0.5 and 9.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.3 mm; P < 0.05) Intestinal weight and diameter of the distal end of the ileal segment were greater than those values in unoperated control animals but were greatest in the ileal transplant group (0.15 +/- 0.1 and 0.24 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.07 +/- 0.01 g/cm and 5.6 +/- 1.1 and 8.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.2 mm; P < 0.05). Villus height and crypt depth were similar in both the proximal and distal ends of the ileal segments in the two study groups and were significantly increased compared to control values (642 +/- 75 and 720 +/- 15 vs. 411 +/- 24 proximal and 443 +/- 49 and 500 +/- 46 vs. 343 +/- 22 microm distal, P < 0.05; 223 +/- 34 and 244 +/- 33 vs. 173 +/- 20 proximal and 192 +/- 28 and 209 +/- 18 vs. 144 +/- 26 microm distal, P < 0.05). Proximal placement of the ileum by either transposition or transplantation results in structural adaptation. This occurs to a similar extent whether the distal remnant is jejunum or ileum. Thus increased exposure to luminal contents and intrinsic properties appear to be the important factors in the adaptive capability of the ileum when the ileum is the proximal portion of the intestinal tract.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Neurological manifestations of hypothyroidism: a retrospective study of 29 dogs.
Neuromuscular signs in association with hypothyroidism are described in 29 dogs. Eleven dogs had lower motor neuron signs, 9 had peripheral vestibular deficits, 4 had megaesophagus, and 5 had laryngeal paralysis. Primarily older (mean = 9.5 years), large-breed dogs were affected, and there was no sex or breed predisposition. Duration of clinical signs before presentation ranged from 2 to 8 weeks (mean = 5 weeks). The diagnosis was based on (1) results of neurological examination (29 dogs); (2) electromyographic abnormalities (18 dogs), including fibrillation potentials (n = 18), positive sharp waves (n = 15), and complex repetitive discharges (n = 4); (3) high serum cholesterol concentration (10 dogs; mean = 335 mg/dL); (4) low response to thyroid-stimulating hormone (29 dogs; mean T4 prestimulation concentration = 0.8 micrograms/dL; mean T4 poststimulation = 1.2 microgram/dL); and (5) good response to thyroxine supplementation (26 dogs). Dogs with vestibular deficits had abnormal brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAER), including increased latencies of P1-P6 and decreased amplitude of P4,5-N5. Seven other dogs had similar BAER abnormalities without manifesting clinical signs of vestibular involvement. Three dogs with vestibular signs had fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves without exhibiting lower motor neuron signs. All dogs were supplemented with levothyroxine (0.02 mg/kg PO bid). The follow-up period ranged between 6 and 30 months (mean, 14 months). Serum T4 concentrations were measured at least 3 times for each dog every 2 months (mean T4 concentration = 2.6 micrograms/dL). All but 1 dog with lower motor neuron signs and 1 dog with vestibular signs recovered after 2 months (mean, 57 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Malnutrition impairs postresection intestinal adaptation.
BACKGROUND: Postresection intestinal adaptation is influenced by several factors, including luminal nutrients. Adaptation is impaired in the absence of luminal nutrients, even if the nutrition is maintained via total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Reduced enteral intake also inhibits adaptation if malnutrition is present, but the mechanism has not been completely defined. Our aim was to study the effect of reduced enteral nutrition on adaptation and enterocyte production and death after 50% proximal resection in rats. METHODS: Eighteen Lewis rats underwent either transection (n =6) or 50% proximal resection (n =12). The resected animals either ate ad libitum (n = 6) or were offered 75% of ad libitum intake (n =6). Nutritional status and intestinal adaptation were determined 14 days after surgery. RESULTS: Resected animals receiving 75% normal intake had decreased body weight (89% +/- 4% vs 112% +/- 2% and 112% +/- 1%, p < .05) and serum albumin (2.7 +/- 0.1 vs 3.2 +/- 0.0 g/dL and 3.0 +/- 0.1 g/dL, p < .05) compared with resection with normal intake and transection, respectively. Intestinal weight (0.32 +/- 03 vs 0.22 +/- 0.02 g/cm and 0.19 +/- 0.03 g/cm, p < .05) and diameter (10.5 +/- 0.5 vs 8.5 +/- 1.0 mm and 7.8 +/- 0.8 mm, p < .05) increased after resection alone compared with transection and malnourished resection groups. Gut weight and diameter and villus height were lower in malnourished resected animals than with transection. Crypt cell production rate was significantly lower in the reduced intake animals. Apoptosis was increased in both crypt and villus enterocytes in normally nourished but not malnourished resected animals. Villus apoptosis correlated with villus height. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal adaptation is impaired by a 25% reduction in enteral nutrients, confirming that both the route and quantity of nutrient intake are important in this process. Both enterocyte production and loss via apoptosis are decreased by reduced enteral intake and malnutrition after resection. The correlation between villus height and apoptosis suggests that the reduced apoptosis reflects the smaller enterocyte number in malnourished animals rather than an adaptive response to maintain intestinal structure.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Influence of glucose dosage on interpretation of intravenous glucose tolerance tests in lean and obese cats.
Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) are used in cats and other species to assess insulin sensitivity. Several dosages have been reported but the dosage that maximally stimulates insulin secretion in cats has not been determined nor has it been compared in lean and obese animals. IVGTTs were performed in 4 lean and 4 obese spayed female cats with 5 glucose dosages: 0.3 (A), 0.5 (B), 0.8 (C), 1.0 (D). and 1.3 (E) g/kg body weight (BW). Each cat received each dosage in a random design. The glucose disposal rate was significantly different only between lean and obese cats at the highest glucose dosage. The area under the curve for insulin increased significantly among A, B, C, and D in lean and among A, B, and C in obese cats but not between D and E in lean and among C, D, and E in obese cats. Baseline insulin secretion was significantly higher (P = .03) and 1st peak insulin secretion was approximately 50% lower in obese as compared to lean cats (P = .03). Lean but not obese cats reached baseline insulin concentrations at all dosages at 120 minutes. We conclude that the glucose dosage for maximal insulin secretion is 1.0 g/ kg BW in lean and 0.8 g/kg BW in obese cats, supporting routine use of 1 g/kg BW to maximally stimulate insulin secretion regardless of body composition. Obese cats showed an abnormal insulin secretion pattern, indicating a defect in insulin secretion with obesity and insulin resistance.
Animals↗