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Biomedical subjects

D C Bienfang

Publications and source records attributed to D C Bienfang.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ocular toxicity associated with high-dose carmustine.

The ocular side effects of carmustine (a nitrosurea) are not well established. Evidence of delayed bilateral ocular toxicity developed in two of 50 patients treated with high dose intravenous (IV) carmustine (800 mg/sq m) with autologous bone marrow rescue. Symptoms or signs of ocular toxicity became apparent four weeks following IV treatment. Evidence of delayed ocular toxicity ipsilateral to the side of the infusion developed in seven of ten patients treated with intra-arterial carotid doses of carmustine to a cumulative minimum of 450 mg/sq m in two treatments. The ocular toxicity began two to 14 weeks (mean, six weeks) following intra-arterial treatment. In three of these patients, the visual loss progressed over one week to no light perception. The funduscopic manifestations of both groups included arterial narrowing, nerve fiber-layer infarcts, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated segmental perivascular staining, wide-spread late capillary leakage, and optic disc hyperfluorescence. One patient had light and microscopic confirmation of cilioretinal artery occlusion and choroidal fibrin thrombi.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiation therapy for primary optic nerve meningiomas.

Optic nerve sheath meningiomas, formerly thought to be rare, have been encountered with surprising frequency since the widespread use of computed tomography. Early diagnosis led to an enthusiastic surgical approach to these lesions, but this has been tempered by the realization that even in the best of hands, blindness followed such surgery with distressing frequency. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas may be divided into primary, secondary, and multiple meningioma groups. Five patients with primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas treated with irradiation therapy are presented in this report. Improvement in visual acuity, stabilization to increase in the visual field, and decrease in size to total regression of optociliary veins, have been documented following irradiation therapy of the posterior orbital and intracanalicular portions of the optic nerve in some of these cases. Although each patient must be carefully individualized, there is no question that visual palliation can be achieved in some cases of optic nerve sheath meningioma. Further investigation of this therapeutic modality in selected cases in advised.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Severe electrical burn of the eye.

The clinical and histopathologic findings in an 18-year-old male who sustained a severe orbital and ocular electrical burn as a result of contact with a "third rail" are described. The third rail was 600 volts positive with respect to the ground, and a maximum of 50,000 amperes was available as current. The anterior segment changes described are considered secondary to heat, as well as electrical energy; whereas the more discrete pathology in the posterior retina and optic nerve was thought to be caused by passage of electric current. Ocular and orbital electric injuries of this severity have rarely been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The course of direct projections from the abducens nucleus to the contralateral medial rectus subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus in the cat.

We have used autoradiography (tritiated leucine) to investigate the projections of a number of nuclear groups of the cat pons. Some cells of the abducens nucleus have axons that cross the midline, ascend in the opposite median longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and synapse on the cells of the oculomotor complex which have been identified by others as those innervating the medial rectus muscle.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1976

The Richner-Hanhart syndrome: report of a case with associated tyrosinemia.

The Richner-Hanhart syndrome with tyrosinemia was recognized in a mentally retarded adolescent boy. The clinical manifestations, including hyperkeratosis of the volar aspects of the hands and feet, thickening of the conjunctival epithelium, and corneal opacities, as well as biochemical aberrations of tyrosine metabolism, responded to specific treatment with a diet low in phenylalanine and tyrosine. Light and electron microscopical studies illustrate the underlying conjunctival pathologic changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Ocular manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

We followed 210 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis closely for eleven years. Thirty-six of the 210 patients (17.2%) developed iridocyclitis. Iridocyclitis was seen most frequently in young female patients (0 to 4 years) with the monoarticular or pauciatricular form of the arthritis. However, 30% of the patients developed uveitis after 16 years of age. Although 61% of patients had a noncontributory ocular history on entry, 42% had active uveitis on entry. Our approach was effective in detecting uveitis in new cases and exacerbations of uveitis in established cases. Forty-four percent of patients with uveitis had one or more identifiable signs or symptoms, such as red eye, ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, or photophobia, in order of decreasing frequency. Even after early detection and prompt treatment, 41% of cases of uveitis did not respond to more than six months of intensive topical treatment with corticosteroids and mydriatics. Despite this, there was a dramatic decrease in the 50% incidence of blinding complications of uveitis cited in earlier studies. Cataract and band keratopathy occurred in only 22 and 13% of our group, respectively. We used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in 173 of 210 cases and found only one case of chorioretinopathy attributable to these drugs. Systemically administered corticosteroids were used in 75 of 210 cases; a significant number of posterior subcapsular cataracts was found. Typical keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in three of the uveitis cases. This association with uveitis and JRA was not noted previously. Surgical treatment of cataracts, band keratopathy, and glaucoma achieved uniformly discouraging results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Crossing axons in the third nerve nucleus.

The research presented in this paper studied the pathway taken by the crossed fibers of the third nerve nucleus in an animal whose nucleus has been well mapped and found to correlate well with higher mammals and man. Autoradiography using tritiated amino acid labeled the cell bodies an axons of the left side of the oculomotor nucleus of the cat. Axons so labeled could be seen emerging from the ventral portion of the left nucleus through the median longitudinal fasciculus (mlf) to join the left oculomotor nerve. Labeled axons were also seen to emerge from the medial border of the caudal left nucleus, cross the midline, and pass through the right nucleus and the right mlf to join the right oculomotor nerve. These latter axons must be the crossed axons of the superior rectus and levator palpebrae subnuclei. Since the path of these crossed axons is through the caudal portion of the nucleus of the opposite side, the destruction of one lateral half of the oculomotor nucleus would result in a bilateral palsy of the crossed subnuclei. Bilateral palsy of the superior rectus and bilateral assymetrical palsy of the levator palpebrae muscles would result.

Animals↗