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Biomedical subjects

D Butler

Publications and source records attributed to D Butler.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clinical experience with tibolone (Livial) over 8 years.

Tibolone (Livial), a synthetic steroid, relieves climacteric symptoms and maintains skeletal integrity in postmenopausal women. We have been using this compound for 8 years and have now reviewed our clinical experience in 301 postmenopausal women. The majority (65.12%) had not previously received climacteric therapy; 34.55% had previously received oestrogen/progestogen therapy. A significant proportion of those started on tibolone were specifically referred for consideration of non-oestrogenic therapy because of a past history of breast dysfunction--27 women with benign breast disease and 11 women who had undergone surgery for carcinoma of the breast. Overall tibolone was well tolerated and climacteric symptoms were relieved within 3-5 weeks. The major side effect was weight gain and/or a tendency to bloating and oedema which occurred in 11.28% of our women. Vaginal bleeding occurred in 33 women (12.69%) but in 17 of these women the bleeding was due to recent oestrogen therapy. Bleeding resulted from a polyp or fibroid in 11 women; no cause was found in the remaining five. Breast symptoms were reported by only 7.52% and no breast symptoms were reported in any of the 27 women referred because of benign breast disease. The total 'drop-out-rate' due to side effects was only 2.66% (eight women).

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PubMed1995

Perceiving implied harmony: the influence of melodic and harmonic context.

Two experiments investigated the influence of melodic and harmonic context on the obviousness of pitch changes in 3 Western tonal melodies. In Experiment 1, listeners with different levels of musical skill heard standard melodies followed by comparison melodies in which single pitch changes could occur. In-key pitch changes that were not implied by the local harmony were judged more obvious than in-key pitch changes that were so implied. This effect was influenced by the surrounding context of melodic line and chords and was absent when the context contained chords that were not consistent with the harmony implied by the melodic line. In Experiment 2, with similar listeners, implied harmony effects were eliminated by removing parts of the melodic line, indicating the relative importance of melodic context as a determinant of implied harmony. Questionnaire data suggested that knowledge of tonal relationships was tacit, even in many trained listeners.

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