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Biomedical subjects

D Buss

Publications and source records attributed to D Buss.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Progression of a myelodysplastic syndrome to pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and cell lineage study.

The evolution of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from a myelodysplastic syndrome is a very uncommon event. We describe a 46-year-old man in whom refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) evolved to a pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. Trisomy 8 was one of the cytogenetic abnormalities in the dysplastic clone and was detected in both peripheral blood and bone marrow smears of interphase cells by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Using a chromosome 8 centromeric specific DNA probe we identified the trisomy 8 to be present in lymphoblasts, erythroid precursors, myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. Our case supports the hypothesis that in MDS the pluripotent precursor cell is affected, and we examine the potential role of FISH for the study and follow-up of some hematological diseases.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1996

Study of clonality in myelodysplastic syndromes: detection of trisomy 8 in bone marrow cell smears by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The lineage involvement in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is still unclear. To determine the clonality and the evolution of the disorder, a retrospective study on bone marrow smears from seven MDS patients with trisomy 8 was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We observed that the trisomy of chromosome 8 was selectively expressed in the myeloid-derived cells. No mature lymphocytes or plasma cells expressed three signals. Our studies demonstrate here the value of FISH for identifying the affected cell lineage. Furthermore, the easy quantification of the abnormal cells can help in assessing the progression of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Usefulness and limitations of serum and urine lysozyme levels in the classification of acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of 208 cases.

The revised French-American-British (FAB) classification system for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) recommends the determination of serum lysozyme (SL) or urine lysozyme (UL) levels as an aid in distinguishing acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB M2) from acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4). We reviewed retrospectively 208 cases of adult leukemia in which SL and/or UL were obtained. Elevated lysozyme levels were not found in any of the M0, M3, or M7 cases, but were increased (false positive) in three (14%) M1 cases, 18 (19%) M2 cases and one (20%) M6 case. Although a UL value in excess of 3x normal was found in most cases of AML M4 and M5, only five (11%) M4 cases and three (20%) M5 cases had SL elevations of this magnitude. Lysozyme levels need to be interpreted in conjunction with other parameters for FAB classification.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscularly administered etorphine and carfentanil in goats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine comparative cardiopulmonary effects of IM administered etorphine and carfentanil in goats. ANIMALS: Seven clinically normal adult female goats. DESIGN: Each goat received at least 9 drug treatments (etorphine HCl, 5 [twice], 10, 20, and 40 and carfentanil citrate, 5, 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg of body weight), with a minimal 2-day interval between trials. Although drug dosages were randomized, etorphine and carfentanil treatments were alternated. To assess for drug tolerance, the first and last treatments always were etorphine (5 micrograms/kg). PROCEDURE: All goats were instrumented for long-term cardiopulmonary variable data collection. RESULTS: Both drugs induced rapid catatonic immobilization, characterized by limb and neck hyperextension, with occasional vocalization and bruxation. Etorphine elicited transient violent struggling and vocalization immediately. Time to immobilization appeared dose-dependent, and was more rapid with carfentanil (< or = 5 minutes) than etorphine (5 to 10 minutes) at all dosages. Recovery to standing occurred earlier for etorphine (1 to 2 hours) than carfentanil (> 2 hours) at all dosages. Both drugs at all dosages significantly (P < or = 0.05) increased systemic and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressures, LV peak negative dP/dt, total peripheral resistance (TPR), hemoglobin concentration, and left atrial (LA) and pulmonary O2 contents. They also significantly decreased heart and respiration rates, and TPR. A significant increase was observed at some dosages for LV stroke volume and index, LV peak positive dP/dt, mean pulmonary artery pressure, PaO2, pulmonary artery oxygen partial pressure, PaCO2, pulmonary mixed venous carbon dioxide partial pressure, LA hemoglobin saturation, LA transport index, and body temperature. Pulmonary and systemic mixed venous carbon dioxide and oxygen contents were significantly decreased at some dosages. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscularly administered etorphine and carfentanil induce hypertension, bradycardia, and bradypnea in goats. The hypertension appears attributable to an increase in TPR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the cardiopulmonary effects of carfentanil occurred more rapidly, these effects were similar in magnitude for etorphine and carfentanil over the evaluated dosage range.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

Radiation and pagetic osteogenic sarcomas.

Radiation and pagetic osteogenic sarcomas should be distinguished from classical osteogenic sarcoma. Both occur in older patients with significantly greater comorbidity. Roentgenographically, radiation osteogenic sarcoma is typically sclerotic, whereas pagetic osteogenic sarcoma is lytic and associated with pathologic fracture. Radical resections give the best result, local control, and survival. Chemotherapy has not proven effective to date. Improvements in tumor imaging and more intensive chemotherapy regimens may permit limb-sparing surgery. Overall results remain poor, with approximately 15% five-year survival in each condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The use of flow cytometry for the prognosis of stage II adjuvant treated breast cancer patients.

Characterization of breast cancer cells by histology, flow cytometry, and steroid receptors was performed on 197 Stage II breast node positive cancer patients given adjuvant chemotherapy, plus tamoxifen for patients with positive hormone receptors. Histologic and steroid receptor assays were performed using standard techniques; flow cytometric analysis was performed from paraffin-embedded blocks obtained from the primary tumor. Quality control studies on reproducibility, tissue heterogeneity, and analysis procedures have been included. Of the 197 patients studied, aneuploidy was found in 102 (52%); the median %S value was 8% with a range of 0.4% to 38%. Our results demonstrated that number of positive nodes, receptor status, and grade were of prognostic value. Cell cycle kinetic data were not of independent prognostic value in this series. However, ploidy could differentiate in prognosis in the receptor-negative subgroup. Patients with receptor-negative tumors had a significantly better overall survival if the tumor was diploid in nature. Cell kinetics was not significantly prognostic for either receptor subgroup, although patients with higher %S tended to have better relapse-free and overall survival. This is in disagreement with other studies and may demonstrate that treatment has confounded our results and diminished the ability of flow cytometry data to help predict outcome.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

How reproducible are flow cytometry data from paraffin-embedded blocks?

The purpose of this technical report is to determine the reproducibility of flow cytometry data for ploidy and cell cycle kinetics using paraffin-embedded blocks of breast cancer tissue. One block from each of 39 tumors was studied in this report with each block having multiple sections analyzed independently. All of these sections gave ploidy analyses, while only 34 gave cell kinetic values. The standard deviation for the DNA index value in the multiple analysis study was less than 0.1 in all but three cases. The cell kinetic values gave larger variability, and the actual values were dependent on the method of analysis. Comparison of the variability for each method of analysis could not predict which procedure was superior. These results would indicate that ploidy is a reproducible value, while cell kinetic parameters should only be used as an indicator of proliferative activity that has been normalized to the mean or median of a large set of observations processed and analyzed by the same procedure.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between saliva and free and total plasma theophylline concentrations in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

Total plasma and mixed stimulated saliva theophylline concentrations (by high performance liquid chromatography) and free plasma theophylline concentrations (by equilibrium dialysis) were measured in simultaneously collected samples from 32 outpatients receiving chronic oral theophylline treatment, who had received the drug at least two hours before sampling. There was a close relationship between saliva and total plasma theophylline concentration and between total saliva and free plasma concentration. The mean saliva to total plasma drug concentration ratio was 0.69 (SE 0.09) and the mean difference between paired saliva and free plasma concentration was 0.65 (0.17) microgram/ml. It is concluded that stimulated mixed saliva provides a simple, non-invasive method of assessing total (and free) plasma theophylline concentrations during chronic oral treatment. The therapeutic range for saliva, corresponding to the generally accepted total plasma concentration range (10-20 micrograms/ml), is approximately 7-14 micrograms/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Free and total plasma theophylline concentrations in chronic airflow obstruction.

It has been suggested that the variability in clinical response between individuals at any given total plasma theophylline concentration may be related to interpatient variability in theophylline plasma protein binding. We therefore measured the plasma protein binding of theophylline in plasma from 39 outpatients with chronic airflow obstruction who were receiving long term oral theophylline treatment. The protein binding was measured at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 by equilibrium dialysis. Total plasma theophylline concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the free concentration calculated by multiplying total concentration by the free (unbound) fraction. The total plasma theophylline concentration varied from 0.7 to 22.0 micrograms/ml, mean 10.6 (SD 5.3) micrograms/ml (3.9-121 mumol/l, mean 58.3 (29.2) mumol/l). The free fraction of theophylline varied only from 0.58 to 0.69 (mean 0.626 (0.024] microgram/ml and was not related to the total concentration (r = -0.236, n = 39, p greater than 0.05). There was a very close relationship between free and total plasma concentrations (r = 0.996, n = 39, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that there is little variability in plasma protein binding of theophylline in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Other factors appear to be responsible for variability between individuals in the response to a given total plasma theophylline concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of the plasma protein binding of theophylline in health.

1 The plasma protein binding of theophylline was determined after addition of [14C]-theophylline (15 micrograms/ml) to plasma from 24 healthy drug-free volunteers and equilibrium dialysis for 2 h at 37 degrees C. 2 The percentage of drug unbound was 60.0% +/- 2.2% (s.d.) with very little variation between individuals. The binding ratio of theophylline was not significantly related to the plasma albumin or alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations but was significantly, although weakly, negatively related to the logarithm of the non-esterified fatty acid concentration (NEFA) (r = 0.443, P less than 0.05). 3 Intravenous administration of heparin (1000 units) caused a significant rise in plasma NEFA concentration and in the percentage of drug unbound in plasma after equilibrium dialysis. 4 In human serum albumin solutions, the binding ratio of theophylline was significantly related to the albumin concentration and at the albumin concentration seen in the 24 normal subjects, the percentage of drug unbound was almost identical. Addition of AAG in physiological concentrations did not enhance theophylline binding but oleic acid, and to a lesser extent palmitic acid, reduced binding significantly. 5 The percentage of theophylline unbound in plasma varied markedly with pH so that at pH7 the percentage unbound was 52% greater than at pH 8. There was no evidence of concentration dependence of binding up to 140 micrograms/ml theophylline. 6 Theophylline appears to bind almost exclusively to albumin and its plasma protein binding varies little in healthy subjects, showing no concentration-dependence over the therapeutic range of concentrations. The binding is affected by pH and by NEFA concentration, however, and these factors may be of greater importance in disease states. Caution should be employed in the use of heparin in studies of plasma protein binding of theophylline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The effects of indirect blunt trauma on adult canine articular cartilage.

UNLABELLED: In order to determine the effect of subfracture loads on articular cartilage, we impacted twelve adult canine patellofemoral joints utilizing a drop-tower with two different force-levels. The joints were examined with light and electron microscopy at two, four, and six weeks after impaction. In ten additional animals a single knee was impacted and they were analyzed biochemically at similar time-periods, using the contralateral joint as a control. In all impacted specimens changes were observed in the zone of calcified cartilage, represented by an increase in cellular clones, vascular invasion, and proteoglycan content of the matrix. Ultrastructural evaluation of the superficial and deep radial zones of the articular cartilage revealed loss of the cellular processes and territorial matrices of chondrocytes in both layers. Ruthenium-red staining of impacted samples revealed a 40 per cent decrease in proteoglycan associated with collagen fibers in the extraterritorial matrix. An increase in collagen-fiber width was observed in the four and six-week groups. The earliest changes in articular cartilage included activation of the zone of calcified cartilage as well as ultrastructural alterations in the superficial and radial zones. Biochemical analysis revealed an increase in water content and hexuronic acid at two weeks. These changes occurred at a subfracture level in the absence of surface disruption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These animal experiments indicate that adult articular cartilage may show significant alterations in its histological, biochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics without disruption of the articular surface. This model of articular cartilage "contusion" may represent a corollary to the joint damage that is observed following direct blunt trauma transmitted across articular surfaces without radiographic evidence of fracture. The possibility that this form of injury may be the precursor of chondromalacic changes in patellar or femoral cartilage merits further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Case report 213.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

Effect of 18-h watch schedules on circadian cycles of physiological functions during submarine patrols.

Circadian rhythms of body temperatures, pulse rate, and respiration rate were measured in 11 subjects every 4 h during certain periods on two submarine patrols. Data on systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also obtained on five crew members during the first period. All the subjects of the first patrol were on an 18-h watch schedule (6 h on, 12 h off). During the second patrol, three subjects were on an 18-h watch schedule and three were on a 24-h watch schedule. Cosinor analysis for positive (P less than 0.05) detection of rhythm demonstrated that all subjects on the 18-h watch schedule developed 18-h cycles of body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which were then superimposed on the persisting 24-h cycles of the same function. The three subjects on a 24-h watch schedule did not show the 18-h cycles. Moreover, additional 12-, 36-, and 48-h cycles (harmonics and subharmonics of 24-h cycles) were found in all subjects on both patrols, attesting to the disintegration of circadian cycles under these conditions. Average sleep time tended to decrease toward the end of the patrol.

Body Temperature↗