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D Buiuc

Publications and source records attributed to D Buiuc.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
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[Contribution of the microbiology laboratory to renal and urinary studies. Bacteriological examination of urine].

A. General considerations: 1. Microbiological condition of the normal urine and urinary tract; 2. Infections of the urinary tract. B. Possibilities of the laboratory of microbiology in renourinary investigations: 1. Detection and significance of pathogenic microorganisms in the urine; 2. Quantitative uroculture: a. The significance of urocultures in asymptomatic bacteriuria; b. The significance of bacteriuria in clinical diseases of the urinary tract. 3. Other diagnostic possibilities in urinary tract infections. 4. Possible microbiologic localization in urinary infections. a. Washing the urinary bladder; b. Urethral catheterism; c. Evidence of bacteria-antibody complexes in the urine; d. Bacteriologic localization pattern in bacterial urethritis and prostatitis. 5. Testing against antibiotics. C. Bacteriologic examination of the urine: 1. Collecting the urine for bacteriologic examination: a. Collecting from the middle jet: I) from women II) from men III) from imobilized patients IV) from children b. Collection by suprapubic puncture 2. Screening methods and tests 3. Methodology and diagnostic tests in urinary tract infections. a. Cultures; b. Follow up of the results. c. Reporting the results.

Bacterial Infections↗
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[Typhoid bacilli resistant to chloramphenicol and multiresistant to antibiotics isolated at the beginning of 1971].

The sensitivity of chloramphenicol (C) of 286 S. typhi strains, isolated during the last 15 years in Moldavia, was tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C with regard to most of the strains ranged between 1.5 and 3 mcg/ml. The following stains were identified: strain W isolated from the feces of a carrier in 1971, with a ACKSSuT-Cl2Hg resistance spectrum transferable to E. coli K12(MIC of C less than or equal to 200 mcg/ml), 2 strains (phage type A and C1, isolated from patients, one from the feces in 1972 and the other haemoculture in 1973) with a non-transferable CSu resistance spectrum (MIC of C less than or equal to 6 and less than or equal 12 mcg/ml respectively), and 18 strains (13 phage type D9, 3 phage type Ci and 2 phage type A), isolated from 3 epidemic foci, which proved to contain variants selectable in vitro by C (MIC up to 50 mcg/ml). The resistance spectrum of the variants was not CSU transferable. Conclusions are drawn concerning the necessity of a restricted utilization of chloramphenicol.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacological studies of sulbactam and its association with semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics].

The acute toxicity, local tolerance and pharmacokinetic properties of sulbactame manufactured by the Iaşi Antibiotic Investigation Centre, alone or in association with ampicillin or amoxicillin were tested. Some tests were made comparatively with the product Unasyn--Pfizer. The obtained data show that this beta-lactamase inhibitor has a low toxicity--DL50 i.p. in mice over 4,000 mg/kg, both alone or associated with the two semisynthetic beta-lactamic antibiotics. The local tolerance is good and the serum levels of the above mentioned associations are above towards the tested bacteria and are similar or very close to those of Unasyn. It is believed that the therapeutical use of the association sulbactame + ampicillin or sulbactame + amoxicillin is very useful in the beta-lactamase producing germs infection.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of meropenem].

The comparative activity of meropenem with that of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime against 856 gram-negative bacilli was studied studied by an agar dilution method. Meropenem and imipenem were high active against tested strains. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins was high for most microorganisms tested. For rapid detection of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing gram-negative bacilli a simple disk diffusion test was used. EDTA, FeCl2 and CuCl2 were evaluated as IMP-1 inhibitors. The method is helpful for screening of IMP-1 producers in daily clinical activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of fourth generation cephalosporins against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae].

Cefpirome and cefepime are a novel group of cephalosporins which contain a positively charged quaternary ammonium at carbon 3 of the dihidrothiazone ring. The antimicrobial agents cefpirome, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and imipenem were tested against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 302) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 62) obtained during september-december 2002 from patients of Galaţi Emergency Hospital. The fourth generation cephalosporins cefpirome and cefepime have similar in vitro activities to the third generation cephalosporins. E. coli showed the comparable resistance rates for all cephalosporins. Against Klebsiella spp. strains cefpirome was less active (35.5% resistance) than cefepime (25.8% resistance). As expected, imipenem had excellent activity (100% susceptibility).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resistance pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates.

Gram-negative pathogens harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are becoming an increasing therapeutic problem in many wards. The aim of our work was to study ESBL production by Enterobacteriaceae strains from Eastern Romania and their antimicrobial resistance. We selected 54 clinical isolates among 1068 enterobacteria according to their susceptibility spectrum (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1999). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the Rapid ATB E gallery of mini API system (BioMérieux) and by a macrodilution method in Mueller-Hinton agar following standard procedure of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). ESBL production was established by using both double disk synergy test (DDT) and Expert computer program of mini API. The isoelectric point (pI) was determined by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel and revealed by nitrocefin. As references we used beta-lactamases with known pI. The Expert computer program of mini API confirms the positive DDT test for all selected strains. Almost all strains displayed resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam or third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam. By IEF we identified 51 strains which have a unique enzyme. IEF pattern showed presence of two enzymes in three Escherichia coli strains. According to our results, the ESBL TEM-type are the most common for the studied isolates. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and the presence of the multiresistant of antimicrobial agents reflect, probably, the over use of third generation cephalosporins in Eastern Romania.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
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In vitro susceptibility of staphylococci to linezolid and other antimicrobial agents.

Linezolid is a member of the new class of antibacterial agents called oxazolidinones that are active against Gram positive organisms and exert their action by protein synthesis inhibition. In this study we investigated the in vitro activity of linezolid versus the other agent against clinical strains of staphylococci: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 82) and S. epidermidis (n = 32) collected in 2002 from hospitalized patients and healthy individuals, isolated from different biological samples. Agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by using Mueller-Hinton agar according to the guidelines established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Linezolid demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against all isolates tested, with MICs values in the range of susceptibility (< or = 8 microg/ml). No associated resistance between linezolid and other agents tested was observed. The resistance among Gram positive bacteria continues to spread and for many patients infected with these resistant organisms antimicrobial therapy is ineffective and linezolid may be a new alternative treatment.

Acetamides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro susceptibility of a Staphylococcus spp. isolate to food preservatives].

Chemical food preservatives are incorporated into food products with the objective of preventing or delaying microbial spoilage and development of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study the in vitro activity of two esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (methyl paraben and propyl paraben) was investigated against 434 staphylococci isolates from healthy people. The agar dilution method was used for studying the antimicrobial activity. The investigated parabens were active against staphylococci with minimum inhibitory concentrations lower than commonly used levels for food preservation.

Agar↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study for the improvement of the cytological urine examination performances in upper tract infection diagnosis.

Diagnosis of the location of upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is necessary in defining the therapeutic conduct that has a different period and intensity according to the infection location and in prognosis. Many studies show the lack of clinical criteria peculiarity in revealing the different location of UTI. As a result, the correct location of the level in which UTI develops is the necessity of paraclinical investigations. Urinary sample examination, in which urinary sediment microscopy is essential, is a reliable technique in fast detection and localization of UTI. Finding, in pyuria context, the classic significant bacteriuria (> or = 10(5) CFU/ml) or lower value bacteriuria (< or = 10(4) CFU/ml) confirms the UTI diagnosis. The upper tract infection prognosis increases when leukocyte cylinders, characteristic for pyelonephritis, appear together with intact or degraded leukocytes, single or grouped. We settled an algorithm to examine the urine samples in order to: Concentrate and preserve the structural integrity of leukocytes and cylinders, examining the conventional urinary sediment Precisely identify and differentiate these elements by vital coloration (leukocyte peroxidase coloration and Sternheimer - Malbin coloration) to establish more accurate the UTI level. The vital coloration for leukocyte peroxidase has cytological specificity, confirming the pyuria and the cylinders that contain leukocytes (leukocytary, granular, mixed) and obviously ameliorates the reliability and reproducibility of the urinary sediment cytological exam.

Bacteriuria↗
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[Susceptibility to norfloxacin of some bacterial strains causing urinary infections].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of norfloxacin in comparison with ofloxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 662 strains. The studied strains were obtained from urine, during 2003 period, in Eastern region of Romania. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined on Mueller-Hinton agar by the dilution technique, with an inoculum of 10(5) CFU/spot. Among tested quinolones, norfloxacin has the better activity against tested strains. The fluoroquinolone compounds were very potent against Escherichia coil strains. Our data shown the spread of quinolone resistance in our area and demonstrated the necessity of adequate antibiotic use in the hospital and community.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Meropenem activity against staphylococci].

Meropenem is a new carbapenem with excellent activity against different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Its good antibacterial activity is closely related to high hydrolysis resistance by bacterial beta-lactamases. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of meropenem by comparison that of oxacillin, gentamicin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin against 458 staphylococci collected during 2004 period from healthy individuals. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution technique. Meropenem has an activity clearly superior to the other tested agents. Resistance rate is zero for all investigated strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Pasteurella pneumotropica. Case Report].

Endocarditis due to Pasteurella pneumotropica are very rarely described. We report a new case of bacterial endocarditis in a 43 years-old patient with mitral stenosis. The patient was admitted to the hospital for lethargy, malaise and hemiparesis. On physical examination, a new systolic murmur was found. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a vegetation on the mitral valve. Three blood culture sets were drawn and after 24 hours of incubation, the last two sets yielded Pasteurella pneumotropica and cell wall deficient forms (L-forms). The patient was successfully treated with gentamicin and ceftriaxone and underwent mitral valve replacement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Further comment on the importance of microscopy in clinical microbiology. The argument for the diagnosis of the skin manifestations of histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis].

This paper presents two interesting cases: a patient with cutaneous coccidioidomycosis, the first case in Romania, and a female patient with latent histoplasmosis with cutaneous manifestations, periodically reactivated during her pregnancies. The etiological diagnosis problems of these affections in relation with the degrees of competence of the clinical laboratories is discussed. The role of direct microscopic examination in the early and more rapid diagnosis of deep mycoses is underlined.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A seroepidemiologic and virological study of the presence of arboviruses in Moldavia in 1961-1982].

In Romania, St. Drăgănescu et al., Miszkolczy et al., based on clinical and epidemiological observations, affirmed the possible presence of "tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)". However, critical retrospective evaluation of certain others' papers published through 1958-1971 reveal some uncommon features. By way of example: a very high incidence of CF- and HI-antibodies in acute and chronic CNS illnesses as well as in general population; replication in nucleus and maturation in mitochondria of a strain of "TBE virus" isolated from a patient CSF; isolation of "group B arbovirus" from Ixodes persulcatus on Romanian territory. As known, this tick was not identified in Romania, "no tick-borne Flavivirus isolated outside the U.S.S.R. proved to be a strain of RSSE virus" and "no arbovirus (Alpha- and Flavivirus or Bunyavirus) was ever detected in nucleus". Based on the HI reaction with West Nile (WN) virus, strain Egypt 101, human, domestic and wild vertebrates sera, treated with acetone for removal of nonspecific inhibitors, were tested as part of a control study, in Moldavia in 1961. WN virus was selected for its capacity to crossreact in the HI test with many members of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus (formerly Group B arboviruses), including the agents of Central European encephalitis. In order to avoid the interference of nonspecific inhibitors, a new single radial haemolysis test for the assay of antibodies to haemagglutinating arboviruses was calibrated in 1979. The seroepidemiological study performed on all 19.853 sera (10.698 human, 6.452 domestic mammals, 2.477 wild small rodents and 226 migrating aquatic birds) pointed out a very low circulation of Flaviviruses in the investigated area. The attempts to isolate such viruses from Ixodes ricinus on suckling mice yielded a single strain of Kemerovo (genus Orbivirus) virus. The need of extending the study to other viruses transmitted by arthropods and rodents, and mainly on the haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, an illness already clinically identified in Moldavia, is emphasized. Final consideration of viability (specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision) of the tests used and the need for continuous quality control is also presented.

Antibodies, Viral↗