Biomedical subjects

D Buchanan

Publications and source records attributed to D Buchanan.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Seroprevalence and demographic information of patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Manitoba, Canada.

Two hundred fifty individuals from high risk categories were enrolled in a seroprevalence survey for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Winnipeg. The overall seroprevalence in the Manitoba AIDS Virus Epidemiology Study (MAVES) was 5.2%. Of 2651 diagnostic and screening specimens in the province of Manitoba submitted over a similar period, 103 were positive (3.9%). HIV seropositivity in Manitoba was noted mainly in homosexual/bisexual males (especially those who were also intravenous drug abusers), hemophiliacs, and individuals from endemic regions of the world. Individuals whose only risk factor was intravenous drug abuse, those with sexually transmitted diseases, or those with high risk sex contacts have not demonstrated HIV seropositivity in Manitoba to date. Manitoba is currently a low seroprevalence region for HIV infection. Our study demonstrated that the awareness level of people at risk for HIV infections was low. In our study population, one-on-one counseling was demonstrated to be an effective way to improve short-term knowledge about HIV infections. Appropriate education approaches must be considered for Native/Metis peoples (26.4% of our MAVES study population), who were younger and had a lower educational and employment level compared to Caucasian/other racial groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1987

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria: response to carnitine therapy and fat and leucine restriction.

A female infant, born to first cousin parents, lapsed into coma with severe metabolic acidosis on day three of life. The gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric urinary organic acid profile showed marked elevation of the leucine metabolites 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaconic, 3-methylglutaric and 3-hydroxy-isovaleric acids. Less than 5% of the normal activity of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase was detected in cultured skin fibroblasts. The patient's total and free carnitine was initially low but rose to normal levels after placing her on DL-carnitine (100 mg kg-1 d-1). On a diet providing 87 mg kg-1 d-1 of leucine and only 25% of total calories as fat and 2 g kg-1 d-1 protein, the concentration of the urinary organic acids fell markedly. She is now 15 months old with normal growth and development. This regimen appears effective in the early treatment of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1986

Ventricular tachydysrhythmias in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amiodarone↗

PubMed1985

Changing cognitive outcome in preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease.

One hundred seventy-four preterm survivors of hyaline membrane disease, born 1961 through 1971, were followed up for at least six years with serial psychological and neurological evaluations. This relatively mature population had a mean birth weight of 2,133 g and gestational age of 34.6 weeks. All children had consecutive preschool and school age psychological tests. The mean preschool test score was 91 (SD = 13) and the mean school age score was 101 (SD = 16). The ten-point difference between the mean preschool and school age test scores was significant. Perinatal variables and indexes of disease severity did not correlate with test scores. Higher test scores were correlated with higher paternal educational and employment levels. Improving test scores by school age may be due to test instruments that measure different cognitive skills and/or the diminishing effects of prematurity.

Achievement↗

PubMed1984

Cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 3-mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal suppository for the initiation of cervical ripening before the induction of labor. All patients were required to have an initial Bishop score of 4 or les. The 3-mg PGE2 vaginal suppository was found to be an effective method of both cervical ripening and labor induction. Its use resulted in a highly significant improvement in the mean Bishop score compared with the placebo group (2.67 versus 0.55 points, P less than .00005). Its use also resulted in a significant reduction in the number of failed inductions (5 versus 23%, P less than .0005). Moreover, 68% of the patients treated with PGE2 labored after initial suppository placement, and 42% of these patients never required oxytocin augmentation of labor. However, there were three instances of uterine hyperstimulation/hypertonus following placement of the 3-mg PGE2 suppository, suggesting that perhaps a lower dose of PGE2 would improve its safety as a ripening agent without affecting its efficacy.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Induction of labor with prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories.

A prospective randomized study of 85 parturients was undertaken comparing the safety and efficacy of a 3-mg prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppository with intravenous oxytocin for the induction of labor. All patients were required to have a Bishop's score of 5 or higher. Labor was successfully induced in 98% of the patients in both groups by their respective methods. Sixty-four percent of the patients receiving a 3-mg prostaglandin E2 suppository required no intravenous oxytocin. More specifically, 82% (23/28) of the parous patients but only 29% (5/17) of the nulliparous patients who received a single 3-mg prostaglandin E2 suppository for labor induction did not require oxytocin augmentation (P less than .005). The first and second stages of labor were not significantly different for the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of cesarean section. A 3-mg prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppository may be a useful alternative to oxytocin for the induction of labor in carefully selected patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Psychological factors contributing to disproportionate disability in chronic bronchitis.

Disability in fifty chronic bronchitis patients was measured by the twelve-minute walking test. The degree of disability was examined in relation to lung function and a measure of disproportion of disability was derived. This measure was significantly related to a number of attitude measures, in particular the patients' beliefs about treatment and treatment outcome, but was not strongly related to psychiatric disturbance on the GHQ. However, high levels of psychiatric disturbance were found within the overall sample.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Reflections on Galen.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Greek World↗

PubMed1982

Occurrence of pulmonary fat and bone marrow embolism.

The lungs of 136 persons dying as a result of road traffic accidents were studied retrospectively for the presence of fat and bone marrow emboli. Comparable investigations were made in 54 cases of acute myocardial failure reported to the medicolegal authorities and in 50 cases of fatal drug overdose. A further 50 cases of myocardial failure dying in hospital were studied for the presence of bone marrow embolism only. It was considered that despite occurrence of an occasional anomalous case, both fat and bone marrow emboli are related to injury but that the incidence and severity of bone marrow embolism in particular depends greatly upon the conditions of the accidental death. The occurrence of pulmonary embolic phenomena in cases of natural death was attributed to resuscitative measures rather than the underlying condition. The results indicated that the medicolegal significance attached to the findings should, by themselves, be limited to the positive identification of injuries sustained before or at the time of death in the individual case.

Accidents, Aviation↗

PubMed1981

Development of a protein A enzyme immunoassay for use in screening hybridomas.

A protein A enzyme immunoassay has been developed which is effective in the rapid screening of hybridomas. The detecting reagent is a stable alkaline phosphatase-protein A conjugate, prepared by a simple, inexpensive, single-step procedure. The assay requires small amounts of antigen to coat microtiter wells (less than 25 microgram/well) and can be evaluated visually or with a spectrophotometer. It compares favorably in sensitivity to a protein A-radioimmunoassay and enjoys considerably lower backgrounds than that popular screening procedure.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Interaction of indomethacin and ibuprofen with lithium in manic patients under a steady-state lithium level.

The clinical effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors were studied in lithium treated manic patients. While indomethacin increased plasma lithium concentration, the effect of ibuprofen was inconsistent. Adverse reactions included tremors unrelated to changes in plasma lithium levels; nausea and drowsiness in 1 ibuprofen treated patient possibly related to the slight increase in plasma lithium, and a syndrome consisting of running nose, malaise and generalized body aches in 1 indomethacin treated patient. Our findings are in support of an important interaction between prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and especially indomethacin and lithium, which may result in an increase in adverse reactions.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Indomethacin increases plasma lithium.

The effects of indomethacin on plasma lithium concentrations and renal lithium clearance were investigated in three psychiatric patients and four normal volunteers. After steady-state plasma lithium concentrations had been reached, the subjects received indomethacin placebo for three to seven days, indomethacin (50 mg thrice daily) for seven days, and placebo again for three to seven days. Indomethacin increased plasma lithium concentrations by 59% in the psychiatric patients and 30% in the volunteers. Renal lithium clearance was reduced by indomethacin by 31% in the group as a whole, and prostaglandin synthesis, determined by measuring the major metabolite of PGE2 with mass spectrometry, was reduced by 55%. These results show that indomethacin reduces renal lithium clearance to an extent which may be clinically important. They also suggest that the renal clearance may be affected by a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism, possibly located in the distal tubule.

Drug Interactions↗

PubMed1978