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Biomedical subjects

D Brown

Publications and source records attributed to D Brown.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Regional heterogeneity of glycoconjugate distribution in the glomerulus revealed by lectin-gold cytochemistry and SDS-PAGE.

The authors have used SDS-PAGE and lectin overlay analysis in parallel with lectin-gold cytochemistry to identify Helix pomatia lectin (HPL) binding glycoconjugates in rat kidney glomeruli. Previous work revealed HPL binding sites only beneath podocyte foot process bases, where they contact the glomerular basement membrane. It is shown here that after neuraminidase digestion of thin sections of glomeruli before incubation with HPL-gold complexes, the number of HPL binding sites is markedly increased. These new sites are mainly associated with the podocyte free surface (adjacent to the urinary space) and with capillary endothelial cells. By lectin overlays, this neuraminidase-dependent HPL binding was shown to be due to reaction of the lectin with desialylated podocalyxin. In contrast, HPL binding sites detected prior to neuraminidase digestion are associated with a novel glycoconjugate having a lower electrophoretic mobility than podocalyxin. Although any role for this glycoconjugate is at present speculative, it is strategically positioned at the site of interaction between foot process bases and the glomerular basement membrane. Its presence correlates with normal podocyte architecture, as shown by our previous studies on developmental and aminonucleoside nephrosis-associated changes in HPL binding to podocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Opiates stimulate food consumption in the land snail Helix aspersa.

Morphine stimulates food consumption in the land snail Helix aspersa. This stimulation of food consumption can be blocked by naloxone, the potent opiate antagonist. In addition, this opiate-induced food consumption exhibits tolerance by the sixth day of treatment. This study further highlights opioid mechanisms in relatively simple organisms and also suggests that these mechanisms are "ancient" signal systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Three-day treatment with butoconazole vaginal suppositories for vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Butoconazole is a new imidazole, effective as therapy for vulvovaginal candidiasis for women who prefer solid-type vaginal preparations. The efficacy of three-day administration of butoconazole vaginal suppositories, 100 mg/day, was compared to that of clotrimazole vaginal tablets, 200 mg/day. Patients with culture-proven vulvovaginal candidiasis were randomly assigned to either butoconazole (97 patients) or clotrimazole (88 patients). The percentage of patients with fungal cultures negative for Candida albicans was statistically significantly higher for butoconazole than for clotrimazole (92 vs. 74, P = .003) at the eight-day posttreatment examination. At the 30-day posttreatment examination the cure rate was still higher for butoconazole (63%) than for clotrimazole (56%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Complete clinical relief was achieved in 81% of patients in both treatment groups achieved in 81% of patients in both treatment groups at the first follow-up examination, while at the second follow-up examination the clinical cure rate was 77% for butoconazole and 69% for clotrimazole. No systemic side effects were reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Butoconazole vaginal cream in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Comparison with miconazole nitrate and placebo.

A double-blind, parallel study was conducted comparing a new imidazole derivative, butoconazole nitrate, with placebo and miconazole nitrate for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Patients were randomly assigned to six treatment regimens. Butoconazole was found to be an effective antifungal agent in both the six- and three-day treatment schedules. The incidence of local side effects from both tested imidazoles was low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Coxsackie B, mumps, rubella, and cytomegalovirus specific IgM responses in patients with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Britain, Austria, and Australia.

Patients from England, Austria, and Australia with recently diagnosed juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1) mellitus (IDDM) and matched controls were tested for specific IgM responses to Coxsackie B1-5 viruses. 37 of 122 (30%) patients aged less than 15, but only 15 of 204 (6%) controls, were positive (p less than 0.005). Differences in Coxsackie B virus specific IgM responses between patients and controls were statistically significant for patients in England and Austria (p less than 0.005). Coxsackie B virus specific IgM responses were detected in only 3 of 31 patients aged greater than 16. Virus-specific IgM responses were directed against a single serotype, usually Coxsackie B4 or 5, in 23 of 37 (62.5%) children aged less than 15; 10 of 13 (77%) of children aged less than 7 had monotypic responses. Among families of Austrian patients with IDDM, 8 of 79 (10%) siblings had Coxsackie B virus specific IgM responses, 1 of whom subsequently had IDDM, but none of the 80 parents was positive. In contrast, there was no evidence of recent infection by mumps, rubella, or cytomegalovirus (CMV), since mumps-virus specific IgM was present in only 2 of 100 children with IDDM and 5 of 139 controls; no rubella or CMV specific IgM responses were detected in 60 sera from patients with IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Use of ether in life-threatening acute severe asthma.

Two patients with acute severe asthma who had failed to improve with conventional treatment, mechanical ventilation, and halothane showed prompt bronchodilator response following administration of diethyl ether by inhalation. Airway pressures fell, and there was a dramatic improvement in blood gas analysis and clinical condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase on ultrathin frozen sections with protein A-gold.

The protein A-gold technique was used to localize carbonic anhydrase isozymes on ultrathin frozen sections of kidney collecting duct epithelial cells and erythrocytes. The particulate nature of the gold marker gives a more precise appreciation of the intracellular distribution of this enzyme than has been previously possible, and allows the intensity of the labeling to be quantified. Intercalated cells showed four times more labeling over the cytosol than adjacent principal cells in collecting ducts from the inner stripe of the outer medulla: by double-labeling using protein A-gold particles of different sizes, carbonic anhydrase isozymes B and C were simultaneously localized in erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of the antidiabetic activity of epicatechin in streptozotocin-diabetic and spontaneously diabetic BB/E rats.

(-)-Epicatechin has previously been suggested to rapidly reverse alloxan diabetes in rats. We have assessed the therapeutic value of the compound in two further animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, namely streptozotocin-diabetic rats and the spontaneously diabetic BB/E rat. There was no indication of a reversal of established diabetes in either the streptozotocin-diabetic or the spontaneously diabetic BB/E rats. Moreover, epicatechin also failed to halt the progression of the disease in prediabetic BB/E rats. Earlier claims of the potential use of epicatechin as an antidiabetic agent must therefore be treated with some caution.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Cultural attitudes towards pets.

Some of the factors that influence cultural differences in human-companion animal relationships are addressed, including the role of religion and symbolism and the role of veterinary medicine. The consequences of these cultural attitudes are discussed in terms of effects on animal species and on human-animal relationships.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1985

Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow. 1. Uterus and mammary tissue development.

Twenty-six gilts were used in an experiment to study the effects of level of feed intake on the growth and chemical composition of the gravid uterus and mammary tissue at several stages of gestation. The animals were given either 1.8 or 2.5 kg feed/d (20 or 30 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) respectively) and were slaughtered at intervals between days 40 and 110 of gestation. The gravid uterus was dissected into fetal, placental, fluid and empty uterus components. From day 70 of gestation the mammary tissue was also dissected. The fresh weight and dry matter (DM), energy and nitrogen contents of the various tissues were determined. With the exception of the fluid component, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the fresh weight of each tissue with both stage of gestation and level of feeding. At comparable litter sizes the total weight of the fetuses in late gestation was 16% higher with the higher feed intake. The DM content of the individual uterine tissues increased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increase in stage of gestation so that the mean DM content of the gravid uterus increased from 74.6 g/kg at day 50 to 103.1 and 159.0 g/kg at days 90 and 110 of gestation respectively. Neither stage of gestation nor feeding level influenced the respective energy contents of the individual uterine tissues, when expressed per g DM. The mean energy content of the total gravid uterus was 19.5 kJ/g DM. The N content (g/g fresh weight) of the tissues increased with stage of gestation and was generally higher at the higher feeding level. The mean N contents (g/g DM) of the fetal, placental, fluid and empty uterine tissues were 0.090, 0.101, 0.098 and 0.128 respectively. The mammary tissue was the most variable of all the tissues investigated. Whereas the fresh weight and N content increased with stage of gestation, both the DM and energy content decreased. Gompertz equations were fitted to describe the effects of stage of gestation, level of feed intake and liter size on the fresh weight and chemical content of the individual uterine tissues, total gravid uterus and mammary tissue. The use of these equations for calculating the nutrient requirements of pregnancy is demonstrated. It was calculated that between days 50 and 110 of gestation the ME requirement for reproduction increased from 3 to 12% of maternal energy intake. The calculated requirement for protein was from 7 to 41% of maternal dietary protein intake respectively.

Animals↗