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Biomedical subjects

D Bregman

Publications and source records attributed to D Bregman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Novel combinations with oxaliplatin.

Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) is a novel antineoplastic platinum derivative that may exert its cytotoxic effects by blocking DNA replication/transcription, thus resulting in cell death in proliferating cells, as well as apoptosis. Oxaliplatin is often more potent than other platinums such as cisplatin (Platinol) in vitro, and shows greater efficacy in preclinical studies against many tumor cell lines, including some that are resistant to cisplatin and carboplatin (Paraplatin). Oxaliplatin is approved for use with the fluoropyrimidines in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in Asia, Latin America, and Europe. In light of the broad efficacy of oxaliplatin in several solid tumors and the encouraging preclinical data on combination therapy with novel agents (e.g., thymidylate synthase inhibitors, epidermal growth factor-receptor antagonists, microtubule interactive agents), this article will review the published literature on novel combinations that have been tested in the laboratory and/or the clinic.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

[Use of Intranet in the hospital setting].

In the Intranet system, the organization uses technologies developed and applied in the Internet network world-wide. Hospitals can use Internet technologies to make hospital information systems more efficient by improving use of existing systems and by adding additional possibilities. Furthermore, the hospital can improve its relations with its customers and also bring the organization additional customers. Intranet implementation can be divided into the areas of: communication, managing and distributing information, and application linkage. Implementation must be modular, gradual and planned according to economic, technological and organizational aspects of the hospitals. By the Intranet, organizations can achieve benefits that include: improving communication array, availability of data and information, using existing information systems and their applications, enhancing customer satisfaction and saving costs of manual application systems.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

Accuracy of intramedullary versus extramedullary tibial alignment cutting systems in total knee arthroplasty.

The postoperative standing 51-inch radiographs of 352 total knee arthroplasties were reviewed. The angle formed by the tibial tray to the mechanical axis of the tibia in the coronal plane was measured. The mean deviation from a perpendicular cut to the tibial mechanical axis was not significantly different between tibial cuts made with extramedullary alignment and with intramedullary alignment. With extramedullary alignment, 92% of the cuts were +/- 4 degrees of the ideal 90 degrees cut (perpendicular to the mechanical axis), whereas 94% of the cuts with intramedullary alignment were within 4 degrees of ideal. An analysis of the cuts that erred > or = 4 degrees with intramedullary alignment showed that for the majority the intra-medullary guide rod, if passed down the middle of the tibial shaft in the coronal plane, directly led to the less than ideal cut. In these tibias, bowing deformity in the coronal plane made passage of the intramedullary rod parallel to the tibial mechanical axis impossible.

Bone Malalignment↗
PubMed1995

The efficacy of intramedullary femoral alignment in total knee replacement.

The angle formed between the femoral anatomic axis and the femoral prosthesis was measured on radiographs of 201 total knee arthroplasties. The radiographs were taken on a 51 inch x 14 inch cassette and had to have satisfactory centering and minimal rotation to be included. All total knee arthroplasties had intramedullary femoral alignment. The mean femoral component angle (relative to the femoral anatomic axis) was 6.1 degrees valgus, with a standard deviation of 2 degrees and a range from 2 degrees to 12 degrees valgus. Seventeen knees (8.5%) had a femoral component angle that was < or = 2 degrees valgus or > or = 10 degrees valgus. In 4 knees, medial femoral bowing of the distal third of the femoral shaft caused an excessive valgus cut. In 7 knees, a capacious femoral canal was present that potentially allowed for divergence of the relatively undersized guide rod in the canal. Overall, 8.5% of cuts were believed to be less than ideal. Preoperative radiographs of the entire femur should identify patients in whom errors are more likely and allow for templating the amount of distal femoral bone to be resected. Extra caution is needed in bowed femora and in capacious femoral canals.

Bone Malalignment↗
PubMed1992

Survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest with interposed abdominal counterpulsation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE: --To determine whether interposed abdominal counterpulsation (IAC) during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves outcome in patients experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest. DESIGN AND SETTING: --Randomized controlled trial in a university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: --Patients experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest during a 6-month period. INTERVENTIONS: --Patients were randomized to receive either IAC during CPR or standard CPR in the event of cardiac arrest. Abdominal compressions were performed during the relaxation phase of chest compression, corresponding to CPR diastole, at a rate of 80/min to 100/min. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: --The three end points studied were (1) return of spontaneous circulation, (2) survival 24 hours after resuscitation, and (3) survival to hospital discharge. In addition, we examined neurological outcome in those patients surviving to hospital discharge. RESULTS: --During the study period there were 135 resuscitation attempts in 103 patients. Return of spontaneous circulation was significantly greater in the group receiving IAC during CPR than in the group receiving standard CPR (51% vs 27%, P = .007). At hospital discharge, a significantly greater proportion of patients was alive in the IAC group than in the control group (25% vs 7%, P = .02). Eight (17%) of 48 patients who received IAC during CPR survived to hospital discharge neurologically intact, compared with only three (6%) of 55 patients from the standard CPR group (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: --We conclude that the addition of IAC to standard CPR may improve meaningful survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest. The optimal use of this technique awaits further clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Public Health Service study of Reye's syndrome and medications. Report of the main study.

Between January 1985 and May 1986, following completion of a pilot study, a main study concerning the possible association between Reye's syndrome and salicylates was conducted. Twenty-seven patients with stage II or deeper Reye's syndrome whose diagnoses were confirmed by an expert panel and who had appropriate antecedent illnesses (chickenpox, respiratory illness, or gastrointestinal illness) prior to the onset of Reye's syndrome were compared with 140 controls matched for age, race (black or not black), and type and timing of onset of antecedent illness. Controls were selected from the same hospital, emergency room, or school as case-patients or were identified by random-digit telephone dialing. As in the pilot study, a strong statistical association with ingestion of salicylates during the antecedent illness and prior to the onset of Reye's syndrome was observed (odds ratio, 40; lower 95% confidence limit, 5.8). Analysis of the independent risk of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates revealed a significant association with aspirin (odds ratio, 26; lower 95% confidence limit, 6.4); the independent risk of nonaspirin salicylates could not be assessed because only two cases were not exposed to aspirin. Assessment of epidemiologic issues of concern, including case-control differences in the severity of the antecedent illness, did not explain the high odds ratios that were observed. The high percentage of patients with Reye's syndrome exposed to salicylates (greater than or equal to 90%) in this and prior studies suggests that, though the reported incidence of Reye's syndrome has declined in recent years, concomitant with a decline in salicylate use among children, a majority of Reye's syndrome cases may be attributable to salicylate use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Structure and expression of murine malic enzyme mRNA. Differentiation-dependent accumulation of two forms of malic enzyme mRNA in 3T3-L1 cells.

Many murine cells express two mRNAs with markedly different sizes (2.0 and 3.1 kilobases (kb)) that hybridize with cDNA probes for cytosolic malic enzyme ((S)-malate NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40). A series of overlapping cDNA clones corresponding to 3129 nucleotides of malic enzyme mRNA was isolated and sequenced to determine the relationship between the two mRNAs and establish the primary structure of mouse malic enzyme. The larger mRNA has an open reading frame of 1716 nucleotides followed by a 3' untranslated region of 1348 nucleotides. The sequence of an exceptionally G/C-rich (88%) portion (65 nucleotides) of the 5' noncoding region was also established. An uncommon poly A addition signal (AUUAAA) is used during the processing of the 3.1-kb mRNA. The 2.0-kb mRNA results from the utilization of another poly A addition signal that truncates the 3' noncoding sequence by approximately 1 kb. The mRNA coding sequence indicates that the malic enzyme subunit contains 572 amino acid residues and has a Mr of 64,000. Two putative components of an NADP-binding domain are located between residues 100 and 165. During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes both the rate of synthesis and relative mRNA concentration for malic enzyme and another lipogenic enzyme, ATP-citrate lyase, are coordinately increased 5-7-fold. However, as preadipocytes approach confluence, the mRNA levels for both lipogenic enzymes transiently increase 3-4-fold, whereas the rates of synthesis of the two proteins are only slightly elevated. Thus, lipogenic enzyme expression is controlled at a pretranslational level during adipogenesis, but the accumulation of the same enzymes may also be subject to translational control in the fibroblast-like preadipocytes. In contrast, mRNA coding for a third enzyme required for lipogenesis, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, is not detected in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but rapidly accumulates during adipocyte development.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Percutaneous intraaortic balloon pumping: four years from Tiblisi.

Intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) has now evolved as the mechanical supportive treatment of choice for the management of refractory left ventricular power failure. A new single-chambered percutaneous intraaortic balloon (Datascope Corp., Paramus, NJ, U.S.A.) has been constructed around a central guidewire. The balloon can be wrapped around the guidewire, enabling its insertion into the femoral artery through a 12-F sheath, inserted by a modified Seldinger technique. A dual-lumen automatic wrapping version has recently been employed. Percutaneous IABP insertion has been performed in 149 patients (mean age 58 years). In our medical group of 75 patients, 59 underwent urgent open heart surgery and 53 (90%) survived. In patients who could not be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass, 23 of 61 (38%) survived. Vascular complications occurred in 10% of the patients. Percutaneous balloon insertion permits the rapid institution of IABP support and broadens the medical and surgical applications of IABP.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1985

Public Health Service study on Reye's syndrome and medications. Report of the pilot phase.

Between February and May 1984, we conducted a pilot study to examine the methods for a larger study of a previously reported relation between Reye's syndrome and medications. Thirty patients with Reye's syndrome, whose diagnosis was confirmed by an expert panel, and 145 controls were matched for age, race (black or not black), and antecedent illness (respiratory infection, chickenpox, or diarrhea) and selected from the same hospital, emergency room, or school, or identified by random digit dialing. Significantly more cases (93 per cent, 28 of 30) than members of each of the four control groups or all controls combined (46 per cent, 66 of 145) had received salicylates during matched antecedent illnesses (odds ratio of all 30 cases vs. all controls = 16.1; lower 95 per cent confidence limit = 4.6). The prevalence and mean severity score of signs, symptoms, and selected events during the antecedent illness tended to be lower among cases than controls. Thus, differences in the severity of this illness between cases and controls did not explain differences in medication exposures. This pilot study suggests an association between Reye's syndrome and the use of salicylates during an antecedent illness.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1983

Vascular complications associated with percutaneous intra-aortic balloon pumping.

A percutaneous intra-aortic balloon pump (PIABP) was inserted in 112 patients. Successful placement was achieved in 102 patients, 67 of whom survived long enough to have the device removed. Vascular complications related to the PIABP were noted in 15 patients. Reversal of ischemic signs followed PIABP removal in six patients, but nine required femoral artery exploration for thrombectomy, repair of femoral laceration, or repair of false aneurysm. No patient died as a result of PIABP or correction of associated vascular complications, though five of the patients with vascular problems died of cardiac complications. Nine of ten survivors in this group were asymptomatic, and one had persistent paresthesias six months postoperatively. Most clinically significant vascular complications were due to the technique of balloon removal, and several modifications that were effected recently are expected to decrease the incidence of complications requiring surgical intervention.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1983

Mechanical techniques of circulation support: a percutaneous intra-aortic balloon device.

As medical indications for intra-aortic balloon (IAB) pumping expand, many physicians without surgical expertise are faced with the decision to institute circulatory support. Accordingly, to facilitate rapid establishment of cardiac assist and to obviate the need for operative insertion and removal, a 40-cc single-chambered device was designed for percutaneous insertion by the Seldinger technique. Hemodynamic augmentation produced by the percutaneous balloon is similar to that obtained with conventional IAB. It appears that complications related to IAB insertion may be decreased by the percutaneous method.

Assisted Circulation↗