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Biomedical subjects

D Boyle

Publications and source records attributed to D Boyle.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Vaccinia virus-mediated damage of murine ovaries and protection by virus-expressed interleukin-2.

Vaccinia virus was shown to replicate in the ovaries of normal inbred mice and cause sufficient damage to ovarian follicles to decrease fertility of the mice. The mouse-adapted strain, VV-WR, had a greater affinity for growth in ovaries than the vaccine strains, VV-Elstree, VV-NYBH or VV-Copenhagen. Virus reached the ovaries after intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation, but not after subcutaneous inoculation in the foot pad. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), when expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus was able to decrease the titre of virus in the ovaries and prevent infertility. Both non-specific (natural killer cells) and antigen-specific mechanisms were active within the ovaries and may play a role in the IL-2-mediated clearance of vaccinia virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Defective presentation to class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vaccinia-infected cells is overcome by enhanced degradation of antigen.

Vaccinia infection interferes with the presentation of influenza Haemagglutinin (HA) and Nucleoprotein (NP) to class I-restricted CTL. The inhibitory effect is selective for certain epitopes, and is more profound during the late phase of infection. For influenza A/NT/60/68 NP, the block is present during both early and late phases of infection, and is selective for the COOH-terminal epitope defined by peptide 366-379, having no detectable effect on the presentation of the NH2-terminal epitope 50-63. The presentation of HA is inhibited only during the late phase of vaccinia infection. For both proteins, presentation is partially (NP) or completely (HA) restored by expression of rapidly degraded protein fragments in the vaccinia infected target cell. For HA, deletion of the NH2-terminal signal sequence completely overcomes the block. For NP, either a large NH2-terminal deletion or the construction of a rapidly degraded ubiquitin-NP fusion protein partially restores presentation. These results illustrate the relationship between degradation of viral proteins in the cytoplasm of an infected cell and recognition of epitopes at the cell surface by class I-restricted T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancy complicated by maternal heart disease. A review of 519 women.

Between 1970 and 1983, 519 pregnancies in 405 women with heart disease were managed at the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, a rate of 1.3 per 100 deliveries. In 312 (60%) the heart disease was of rheumatic origin, in 161 (31%) congenital, and the remaining 46 (9%) were a miscellaneous group that included arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies. The New York Heart Association (NHYA) grading was no greater than 1-2 in 445 (86%) pregnancies antenatally. Three maternal deaths occurred, all in the group whose antenatal NYHA grade was 3-4. Heart failure was present in 96 (18%) pregnancies antenatally, and six others developed failure during labour or in the puerperium. Prophylactic antibiotics were not used routinely and infective endocarditis did not occur. The perinatal mortality rate was 19/1000, and the rate of congenital malformations was not raised in the reviewed group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Experimental photodynamic treatment of canine bladder.

In urology, important limiting factors in the application of hematoporphyrin derivative and photodynamic therapy appear to be the problems of standardization of dosimetry and the technique of transurethral photoradiation. Experimental photodynamic therapy on canine bladder with normal and altered epithelium was performed using an argon laser as an energy source. A 630 nanometer wavelength of light was delivered through a quartz-optical fiber with either a regular flat end for focal illumination or a bulb-type end which produced an isotropic light pattern. It was demonstrated that normal canine bladder was resistant to photodynamic therapy and that the bulb tip produced whole bladder illumination. With a moderate light dose of 18 to 30 Joules/cm.2 the effect following whole bladder illumination on the bladder was generalized and superficial. This approach appears to be ideal for treating superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Additional work is needed in selecting appropriate energy doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lectin-like polypeptides of P. falciparum bind to red cell sialoglycoproteins.

Attempts to control human malaria by immunological means could be compromised by antigenic variability within and between different strains of malarial parasites1. A useful alternative approach might be to block parasite antigens which are important in the mechanisms of invasion of red cells. As the major human parasite Plasmodium falciparum is highly specific for human red cells, isolation of the proteins involved in the recognition of red cells by this parasite might be of particular value. Recent studies suggest that the major red cell sialoglycoproteins (SGPs), glycophorins A, B and possibly C, may carry the sites recognized by the parasite2-4. Furthermore, because certain carbohydrates present on SGPs such as N-acetylglucosamine are able to block invasion by the parasite5, they may be involved in the initial interaction between parasite and red cell. We have now identified parasite proteins which bind to SGP or N-acetylglucosamine on Sepharose 4B columns. Three proteins, of molecular weights (MWs) 140,000 (140K), 70K and 35K, seem to be specifically bound by N-acetylglucosamine.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1982

Mitral annuloplasty in endomyocardial fibrosis: an alternative to valve replacement.

The case of a patient with left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) causing severe mitral regurgitation is presented. Excision of the fibrotic tissue through the left atrium and mitral annuloplasty resulted in symptomatic relief and uncomplicated pregnancy. An X-linked congenital dermatological condition, Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome (incontinentia pigmenti), associated with chronic eosinophilia, was also present. This occurrence with EMF has not previously been reported. Atrioventricular valve reconstruction is a feasible alternative to valve replacement in EMF.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

T cell and monocyte requirements for erythropoiesis.

Progenitor cell fractions from normal human marrow have been prepared by a method that enables low numbers of cells to be cultured and results in very little T cell or monocyte contamination. The enrichment of 14- and 21-day BFU-E was similar to that for CFU-GM and the readdition of sheep red blood rosette-forming cells had no effect on BFU-E growth. The significance of the discrepancy in cellular requirements for the growth of blood and bone marrow BFU-E is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Photoradiation in the treatment of recurrent breast carcinoma.

Photoradiation, with the use of hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) activated by visible light in the red region of the spectrum, was an effective treatment for controlling local and regional chest wall recurrences of breast carcinoma. With sufficient time between iv injection of the drug and local activation with red light, cutaneous and subcutaneous masses were treated effectively without undue damage to overlying and adjacent skin. This high therapeutic ratio resulted from the ability to Hpd to accumulate and/or to be retained to a higher degree in malignant tissue than in many normal tissues. This technique can be used as a primary treatment or upon tumor recurrence following conventional modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Photoradiation therapy for the treatment of malignant tumors.

Administration of hematoporphyrin derivative i.v. followed by local exposure to red light has resulted in complete or partial response in 111 of 113 cutaneous or s.c. malignant lesions. Tumors treated have included carcinomas of the breast, colon, prostate, squamous cell, basal cell, and endometrium; malignant melanoma; mycosis fungoides; chondrosarcoma; and angiosarcoma. No type has been found to be unresponsive. In several cases complete clearing of chest wall metastatis has been achieved in treated areas. Deep-seated and pigmented tumors required a higher dose of drug for effective treatment than did the more superficial and nonpigmented lesions. A high therapeutic ratio between tumor and skin response has been obtained by allowing at least 3 days between drug injection and exposure to the therapeutic light for 2,5-mg/kg doses and at least a 4-day interval for 5.0-mg/kg doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Sex differences in response to a self-rating depression scale.

Fifty-five male and 80 female psychiatric in-patients complaining of depression completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Both quantitative and qualitative differences were found between male and female respondents. Females had significantly higher (more pathological) total scores than males and significantly higher scores on six individual items. Examination of factor profiles for males and females revealed further differences. These differences are consistent with the thesis that men and women subjectively perceive feelings of depression in disparate ways. The implication of this findings is that the clinical use of the SDS be modified to take such differences into account.

Adult↗