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Biomedical subjects

D Black

Publications and source records attributed to D Black.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Greater vertebral bone mineral mass in exercising young men.

Peak bone mass at skeletal maturity may be an important factor in the relative quantity of skeletal mass in old age. We have studied bone mineral in 46 young men, 28 of whom engage in regular and vigorous exercise programs. Spinal trabecular bone mineral density and spinal integral bone mineral content are significantly greater in the exercise group as compared with the 18 control subjects. Of the exercise group, subjects participating in both aerobic and weight-bearing regimens have the greatest spinal bone mineral mass, followed by those engaging in strictly weight-bearing exercise and those in a primarily aerobic program. An analysis of variance across all subject groups, including the control group, shows a significant difference in spinal trabecular bone density based on the type of physical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Methodologies to produce and assess standardized trauma to the skin.

In order to learn how mechanical trauma affects the skin, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between the degree of trauma and the extent of the biological response. This requires the development of novel techniques and instrumentation. In this paper, two new techniques for applying standardized increments of trauma to the skin are presented. Methods for measuring the effects on the skin surface and on skin function are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Variability in the response of different male subjects to the effect of marathon running on the increase in plasma high density lipoprotein.

The acute effects of running a 42.2 km marathon race on the concentration and composition of the plasma lipoproteins were studied in 56 men of varying fitness, training experience, age and physical characteristics. There was no change in the mean concentration of total serum cholesterol, but a 10.9% increase (P less than 0.001) in the mean concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-TC), representing an 11.1% increase (P less than 0.001) in the cholesteryl ester (CE) and 9.9% increase (P less than 0.001) in the unesterified cholesterol (UC) moieties of HDL. The ratio of total serum cholesterol to HDL-TC decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) during the exercise. Changes in lipoprotein concentrations during the marathon varied considerably between individual subjects, with a small proportion of subjects exhibiting relatively large increases or decreases in HDL-TC, HDL-CE and HDL-UC. Small sub-populations of runners were identified who showed abnormally large decreases in HDL-UC and abnormally small increases in HDL-CE relative to HDL-UC. A correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between the average weekly mileage of training and the increase in HDL-TC, whilst faster runners (finishing time less than 3 h; n = 13) had a significantly greater (P less than 0.02) increase in HDL-TC than slower runners (greater than 4 h; n = 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of internal fixation techniques in metacarpal fractures.

A biomechanical study assessed quantitative differences in the stability that was obtained by five commonly used types of internal fixation employed in metacarpal fractures. The techniques included dorsal plating, dorsal plating combined with an interfragmentary lag screw, crossed Kirschner wires, a single intraosseous wire combined with a single oblique Kirschner wire, and a single intraosseous wire alone. Rigidity and strength in torsion and bending were determined after transverse osteotomy and fixation of the metacarpal were performed. The failure modes for each fixation technique were also observed and described. Significant differences in rigidity were found between the plated configurations (with or without an interfragmentary lag screw) and the wired configurations in both apex dorsal bending and axial torsion. The three wired configurations were not significantly different from each other except in torsion. Analysis of the bending moments that were required to produce both yield and failure in apex dorsal bending and also the energy absorbed to yield showed similar disparity between plated and wired techniques. For metacarpal fixation, dorsal plating with or without lag screws provides significantly more stability than do wired techniques and approaches that provided by intact bones.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Theiler's virus-specified polypeptides made in BHK-21 cells.

This study was initiated to determine whether the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) use the same strategy of gene expression as other picornaviruses. The precursor-product relationships apparent from pulse-chase experiments indicated that the virus-specified polypeptides of the GDVII strain are generated by post-translational cleavages. Pactamycin mapping experiments also showed a gene order for GDVII virus similar to that derived for other picornaviruses by this technique. Finally, six other TMEV induced species of polypeptides similar to those of GDVII virus, but there were minor differences in some of their electrophoretic mobilities.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A simplified method for measurement of desquamation using dansyl chloride fluorescence.

A fluorescence comparator has been used to assess quantitatively the skin fluorescence due to applied dansyl chloride. Experiments were performed demonstrating that measurements with the device had a low intra- and inter-observer error, with coefficients of variation of between 4% and 6%. Another experiment in which fluorescence photographic photometry was simultaneously performed showed that the comparator provided estimates of stratum corneum renewal similar to the more complex photographic technique. Repeated mechanical trauma to the skin and skin stripping showed that the technique can detect alterations in the rate of cell renewal in the epidermis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

In defence of situational ethics, the NHS and the permissive society.

Dr Adrian Rogers delivers a three-pronged assault on the concepts of 'situational ethics'; the eleemosynary principles underlying the National Health Service, and the permissiveness of modern society. I hold strong, and largely opposite, views on each of these matters, which are outlined in this paper.

Attitude↗
PubMed1984

Iconoclastic ethics.

Arguments are advanced, on a pragmatic basis, for preferring a 'situational' approach to medical ethical problems, rather than an approach based on any one of the dogmatic formulations on offer. The consequences of such a preference are exemplified in relation to confidentiality; and in relation to the ethical dilemmas which surround the beginning and the end of terrestrial human life.

Abortion, Induced↗