[Intraprosthetic mobility of intermediary hip prostheses].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D Bernard
Publications and source records attributed to D Bernard.
Differential nuclear expression of enhancer A DNA-binding proteins in human first trimester trophoblast cells.
In order to investigate the possible molecular regulatory mechanisms that repress classical HLA class I and stimulate nonclassical HLA-G and E-class I gene transcription in human trophoblast cells, we searched for the nuclear expression of the enhancer A DNA-binding proteins of the KBF1/NF-KB/rel family. Using both purified extravillous cytotrophoblast and villous syncytiotrophoblast from first trimester human placenta, it appeared that members of this family were present in the cytotrophoblast and absent in the syncytiotrophoblast. First, using the double stranded enhancer A DNA nucleotidic sequence that contains the palindromic KB site, known to be the binding site of the p50 subunits of KBF1-NF-KB and c-rel factors, we demonstrated, by band-shift assay, that binding activity, inhibited by addition of anti-p50 polyclonal serum, was present in cytotrophoblast as well as control maternal decidual cells, embryonic fibroblasts, and the trophoblast-derived JAR cell line. In contrast, this DNA-protein complex was undetectable in syncytiotrophoblast nuclear extracts. The specificity of this protein-DNA complex was further demonstrated by its disappearance upon competition with an excess of cold homologous nucleotidic competitor. Other nucleoprotein complexes were also detected in all nuclear extracts, including syncytiotrophoblast, that were competed out by an excess of cold enhancer A competitor DNA but were not affected by the addition of anti-p50 or anti-NF-KB sera, suggesting the presence of additional enhancer A-binding factors different from the KBF1/NF-KB/rel family. Second, using a Western immunoblot analysis, a doublet around 85 kDa was specifically stained by the same anti-p50 serum in cytotrophoblast, maternal decidual cells, embryonic fibroblasts, and the JAR nuclear extracts whereas no signal was obtained in syncytiotrophoblast. Finally, immunofluorescence cell staining using the same anti-p50 serum showed a positive staining in both cytoplasm and nucleus of cytotrophoblast and its absence in syncytiotrophoblast. We hypothesize that this enhancer A DNA-binding factor might represent the c-rel trans-acting factor, related to p50/KBF1/NF-KB proteins, and we discuss its possible relevance to the HLA class I transcription in human tissues.
Base Sequence↗
[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Diagnosis aided by a monoclonal antibody directed against the decay accelerating factor glycoprotein].
The laboratory diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (also called Marchiafava-Micheli disease) is based on the sensitivity of the patient's red cells to complement-induced lysis. In view of the clonal expression of the disease, haemolysis tests are difficult to interpret when the abnormal red cell population is small. The sensitivity of abnormal red cells to haemolysis is due to the absence of proteins attached to the cell membrane by a phosphatidyl-inositol link, which intervene in the regulation of the complement-induced lysis mechanism. Using a monoclonal antibody directed against one of these proteins, the decay accelerating factor (DAF, protein CD 55), makes it possible to diagnose paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. DAF expression on patients' blood cells was measured by quantitative agglutination and by indirect flow cytometry. The agglutination test using polybren is a fast detection method, but it may be uninterpretable, notably in cases with positive antiglobulin (Coombs') test. In contrast, DAF expression measured by indirect flow cytometry correlates perfectly with measurement of red cell sensitivity by haemolysis tests. Using the monoclonal antibody by indirect flow cytometry is the method of choice to confirm the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and to measure the proportions of normal and abnormal red cells in case of haematological disorder.
Adolescent↗
Frey's syndrome analysis with biosensor. A preliminary study.
OBJECTIVE: Objective quantification of Frey's syndrome (gustatory sweating), following total parotidectomy. A biosensoring method of enzymatic electrodes enabling the detection of L-lactate on intact skin with the use of a skin extraction device and enzymatic electrodes is presented and analyzed. DESIGN: A criterion standard study. SETTING: This prospective trial was undertaken at our research laboratory (University of Paris [France]). Parotidectomy was performed in our department, which is a tertiary care center for parotid gland pathology. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight patients with gustatory sweating following total parotidectomy and nine control patients not operated on were asked to take part in this prospective study. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Gustatory sweating was assessed in all patients using a clinical scale, the Minor starch iodine test, and the L-lactate biosensoring method. RESULTS: Instrumentation and assay procedure for the L-lactate biosensoring method are detailed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results demonstrate that this method enables objective measurement of the L-lactate on skin without the need for chemical reagents, continuous nondestructive analysis in real time, and physiological dynamic monitoring of the L-lactate rate of production after stimulus. Data achieved strongly suggested that the aberrant regeneration theory is the main clue to Frey's syndrome pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: This safe, reliable, noninvasive, objective, and highly sensitive method provides an investigative tool for clinicians as well as physiologists involved with patients presenting gustatory sweating following parotid gland surgery.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
Sensory neuronopathy and small cell lung cancer: antineuronal antibody reacting with neuroblastoma cells.
The anti-Hu antibody is associated with a paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy (SSN) described in cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The Hu antigen is a pan-neuronal nuclear antigen with a molecular weight of 35-40 kDa. In this study we demonstrated the presence of the paraneoplastic Hu antigen in different neuroblastoma cell lines. We showed that by indirect immunocytochemistry the serum of patients with SSN and SCLC reacts with the nuclei of neuroblastoma cell lines SKN-SH and LAN-1. Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts from neuroblastoma cell lines SKN-SH, IMR-32 and LAN-1 confirmed the presence of the Hu antigen in these neuroblastoma cell lines. By comparing the immunocytochemical method and the Western blot analysis we were able to determine that the Western blot analysis was a more sensitive test. Screening of the sera of a large population (a total of 122 patients with SCLC, 17 with paraneoplastic disorders as well as 121 controls with other neurological disorders) was performed and showed all 5 of the patients with SSN and SCLC to be positive for the anti-Hu antibody, whereas only 11 of the 122 SCLC patients and none of the controls were positive, thereby suggesting that this test has a very high degree of sensitivity.
Antibodies↗
Lineage promiscuity in leukemia studies of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes.
Using appropriate DNA probes, the configurations of the T-cell receptor beta-chain genes and immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes were studied in patients diagnosed as having the following malignancies: 7 chronic myeloid leukemia, 13 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 9 acute lymphocytic leukemia and 20 chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Rearrangements not corresponding to the immunotype were unexpectedly found in lineage neoplasias.
Burkitt Lymphoma↗
Pathogenic and non-pathogenic T lymphocytes specific for the encephalitogenic epitope of myelin basic protein: functional characteristics and vaccination properties.
Activated CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) can cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) upon their inoculation into syngeneic recipients. In Lewis rats, most of the pathogenic T cell clones that develop following immunization with MBP are reactive against the 72-84 amino acid sequence of MBP, the major encephalitogenic region for Lewis rats. In this study, some MBP-specific T cell clones were found to be non-pathogenic, in spite of their strong reactivity against the encephalitogenic epitope. One of these non-pathogenic clones, designated Znp, and an encephalitogenic clone, Z1a-p, were derived from Z1a encephalitogenic line cells. These subclones were compared for epitope specificity, T cell receptor variable gene expression and for various functional activities, in order to delineate properties crucial for pathogenicity. The Z1a-p and Znp cells expressed comparable levels of the T cell receptor genes and shared strong reactivity against the 72-84 epitope of MBP. The pathogenic Z1a-p cells displayed MBP-specific cytolytic activity in vitro, provided an in-vivo 'help' for elicitation of MBP-specific antibodies, mediated a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to MBP, caused EAE and vaccinated against the disease, thus demonstrating that a single CD4+ T cell clone is capable of eliciting various functions. The non-pathogenic Znp cells could also carry out most of these various functions, but failed to mediate a DTH response to MBP in normal animals. However, when inoculated into sublethally (650 R) irradiated syngeneic recipients, the Znp cells became highly pathogenic and mediated DTH response to MBP. Local irradiation of the recipient facilitated a DTH response to MBP in the irradiated ear, indicating that Znp cells are equipped with the effector mechanisms required for pathogenicity, and that their failure to cause disease may be accounted for by their inability to migrate into extravascular target tissue. Similar data were obtained with an independently isolated non-pathogenic clone, LB-3, specific for the encephalitogenic epitope of MBP. The ability of these non-pathogenic cells to vaccinate against EAE mediated by pathogenic cells raises the possibility that such non-pathogenic cells may play a role in triggering downregulation of pathogenic T cells.
Animals↗
Reflex anuria and uremia from unilateral ureteral obstruction.
A 59-year-old man had anuria of 32 hours' duration that was associated with unilateral calculous ureteral obstruction. Retrograde pyelography showed a normal contralateral collecting system. Initial technetium pentetate (DTPA) scanning showed diminished uptake of radioactivity by the unobstructed kidney compared with the obstructed kidney, whereas a follow-up study, after relief of ureteral obstruction, showed a reversal of this pattern. Previously reported cases of "reflex anuria" are reviewed along with the relevant experimental literature. Vascular or ureteral spasm related in part to abnormality of the autonomic nervous system may underlie this rare entity.
Anuria↗
[Rapid diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria by gel test agglutination].
Murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against DAF (Decay Accelerating Factor, CD55 antigen) and MIRL (Membrane Inhibitor of Reactive Lysis, CD59 antigen) were used to identify the affected red cells (CD55-/CD59-) of PNH patients. MoAbs NaM16-4D3 (CD55, IgG2a) and NaM77-1E5 (CD59, IgG3) weakly agglutinate red cells and represent powerful tools to quantitate normal (PNHI) and abnormal (PNHII and PNHIII) cells from PNH patients by indirect flow cytometry. MoAbs NaM125-7H10 (CD55) and NaM123-6G12 (CD59), both IgM, were selected for their agglutinating properties and used for the separation of PNHI from PNHII and PNHIII red cells by the gel test technology. From analysis of artificial mixtures of DAF+ and DAF- cells, a direct relationship was established between fluorescent cells detected by flow cytometry, and erythrocytes agglutinated in microtyping cards. The method was further confirmed by analysis of ten blood samples from PHN patients and represent an alternative to classical hemolysis tests. On the basis of our experience we propose the following for the diagnosis of PNH: 1) agglutination test with NaCl microtyping cards using IgM CD55 and CD59; 2) flow cytometry analysis for accurate quantitation of CD55-/CD59- red cells.
Agglutination Tests↗
Mood disorders among mothers of infants admitted to a mothercraft hospital.
The mothers (n = 100) of consecutive infants admitted to a mothercraft residential facility were asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Only one of the women had been identified prior to the infant's admission as having postnatal depression, but 39% scored above the cut-off point for likely major depressive disorder. No specific infant problem correlated significantly with a higher depression score. The extent of serious mood disorders in the post-partum population has remained generally unacknowledged despite an upsurge of recent research activity in the field. Nevertheless, this problem has considerable public health significance, impinging as it does on the health of all members of the family. Possible screening and intervention strategies are discussed.
Adult↗
Osteomyelitis of symphysis pubis following renal transplantation.
We describe what we believe is the first reported case of osteomyelitis of the symphysis pubis following renal transplantation. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans were useful in establishing the diagnosis.
Female↗
Yangian symmetry of integrable quantum chains with long-range interactions and a new description of states in conformal field theory.
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Journal Article↗
[Characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies against fetal erythrocytes].
Balb/c mice were immunized against papain-treated fetal erythrocytes and splenocytes were fused with Sp2/0-Ag-14 myeloma cells. Several hybrids secreting antibodies directed against antigenic determinants predominantly exposed on fetal and cord cells were selected and cloned twice. Antibodies NaM61-1A2 and NaM61-768 (IgM class) were shown to be specific for an endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive oligosaccharide chain. The antigen, strongly expressed on fetal and cord cells, was identified as the i blood group antigen. The antibodies represent powerful blood group reagents to be use in conventional agglutination techniques as well as in the gel typing system and in indirect flow cytometry. The antibody NaM46-4A8 (IgG class) is specific for an antigenic structure expressed on fetal cells and accessible only after papain, ficin, bromelin and endo-beta galactosidase treatment. The antigen was not identified.
Adult↗
[A qualitative study of the violence in hockey: perceptions of trainers and players].
During semistructured interviews, coaches and players have expressed their perception of violence in hockey through several game situations. The responses reveal that coaches disapprove and even sanction players receiving too many useless penalties, but occasionally congratulate them for a penalized action executed to save a goal. During matches, verbal intimidation is high and not always criticized, especially when it causes the opponent to lose concentration and take a penalty. Body checks have been identified as a main generator of frustration and lack of discipline among players. Data analysis suggests two interventions in training programmes for coaches: the development of teaching material on body checking and on individual counselling techniques to impart sportsmanship attitudes to young players.
Adult↗
[Cold urticaria, cutaneous vasculitis and C4B homozygote deficiency. Apropos of 2 cases with a familial study].
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Adolescent↗
Amino acid solutions for CAPD: rationale and clinical experience.
Protein-calorie malnutrition is present in a sizable proportion of dialysis patients. In CAPD patients, constant glucose absorption from dialysate may displace other calorie sources, such as protein, and may suppress the appetite, thus contributing to malnutrition. Use of amino acids in place of glucose as the osmotic agent has been studied extensively. Ultrafiltration and small-molecule clearance similar to that with glucose can be achieved with amino acid solutions, but nitrogenous waste produced by amino acids limits the extent to which they can replace hypertonic glucose. Side effects of CAPD with amino acids appear to be minor and easily manageable. Most studies have found at least some nutritional benefit of amino acid solutions in addition to that of lowering the glucose load. Short-term studies of amino acid solutions for dialysis indicate that they may improve protein nutrition in malnourished CAPD patients.
Amino Acids↗
The use of a gonadal vein interposition graft to replace a polar artery in renal transplantation.
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Gonads↗
Elbow synovitis related to an intraarticular osteoid osteoma of the humerus, with immunologic and histochemical studies.
An 18-year-old boy presented with elbow synovitis. Investigations disclosed an osteoid osteoma of the coronoid fossa confirmed by histology. The synovium appeared hypertrophic with histologic patterns resembling those seen in synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunohistochemistry showed lymphoid follicles composed of B and T cells. T lymphocytes were mainly of the CD4 phenotype, showing soluble interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2r) in places but were poorly positive for DR antigen. C3, C4, B factor and CH50 activity were decreased and interleukin 1 and soluble IL-2r were increased in synovial fluid. They were normal in peripheral blood except for a slight decrease in C4. These data suggest a local immunologic activation induced by osteoid osteoma, the mechanism of which remains hypothetic. Immunomodulating mediator diffusion from osteoid osteoma itself or as a secondary response to tumoral antigen release could be advocated. Whether such phenomena are specific to the epiphyseal location of osteoid osteoma needs clarification.
Adolescent↗