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Biomedical subjects

D Berg

Publications and source records attributed to D Berg.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Measurements of Cs absorption and retention in man.

One of the consequences of the Chernobyl reactor accident in 1986 was a comparatively high contamination of foodstuffs in Southern Federal Republic of Germany. In order to test radioecological models predicting the radiological consequences of such accidents, several thousand measurements were performed to determine Cs body burdens in members of the public. For the interpretation of these data and as a contribution to the improvement of the available database on the biokinetics of Cs isotopes in humans, we followed a small group of volunteers after their consumption of highly contaminated venison. Intakes, excretion rates and total body activities were measured during a period of more than 200 d. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of a compartment model to derive gastrointestinal uptakes, biological half-lives and dose conversion factors. The resulting uptake factors range from 65-90%, the half-lives of the long-term retention from 45 to 200 d. The majority of the resulting dose conversion factors lie below the values recommended by the ICRP, showing that the ICRP model is a reasonable and safe description of the Cs biokinetics in our study group, while the great variability of the results shows that it is not an accurate representation of the individual Cs retention.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Breast cancer: the role of postoperative radiotherapy.

Although the role of radiotherapy in breast cancer is controversial, there are clearly defined indications for its use. The probability of local relapse can be determined by careful evaluation of the histological features of the primary tumour, the absolute number of involved axillary nodes and the type and and extent of the surgery performed. Using these data, patients can be divided into a relatively low risk group who probably do not require radiotherapy and a group at significant risk of relapse who, even with adjuvant systemic therapy, are likely to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy. Despite the often-repeated view to the contrary, radiotherapy is more effective in the locoregional control of breast cancer if given postoperatively than if withheld until tumour relapse occurs. Radiotherapy at the time of relapse provides long-term control in only 40-55% of patients. This results in significant morbidity from uncontrolled local disease in the one-third of patients who survive 5 years and the one-quarter of patients who survive 10 years from the time of local relapse. This paper outlines the rationale and indications for the use of radiotherapy in improving locoregional control in breast cancer.

Axilla↗
PubMed1989

Cytotoxic effects of teniposide combined with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) on the in vitro Lewis lung carcinoma model: influence of the treatment schedule.

The interactions between cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) and teniposide (VM26) have been studied in vitro on a Lewis lung carcinoma culture in terms of span, order of exposure or time delay between both drugs. When the cells were simultaneously exposed to VM26 and CDDP for 24 h, a supra-additive effect was observed (P less than 0.001). When the cells were first incubated with VM26, the cytotoxicity was emphasized (P less than 0.02), whereas after a prior exposure to CDDP, only an additive effect was noticed. For a short exposure to the drugs (1 h), we noticed an enhancement of the cytotoxic effect when the cells were first exposed to VM26, principally when the time delay between epipodophyllotoxin and CDDP was 0 or 1 h (P less than 0.001). The sequence in which VM26 was given before CDDP induced a significant increase of the cytotoxic effect, whatever the span of exposure.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

The efficacy of tenoxicam in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (including assessments of quantified articular scintigraphic data).

Every doctor faced with the task of testing a drug is well aware of the difficulty of making his or her results objective. In designing test procedures, methods need to be found which are unaffected by the subjective views of either the testing doctor or the patients undergoing the treatment. This study was designed taking this into account, using scintigraphic joint measurements in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to record comparable data. Even this method, however, despite its indisputable scientific accuracy, requires clinical interpretation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

A search for soul. Strategic planning will chart the way.

As the 1980s has been the decade of competition and financial challenge for Catholic healthcare facilities, the 1990s will challenge organizational identity. The struggle for existence is leaving many facilities spiritually depleted. The Catholic healthcare facility of the 1990s will need to do some soul searching. A key tool will be strategic planning; the key planner will be the trustee. In its simplest form strategic planning is a tool for defining and establishing organizational identity. In Catholic healthcare it answers the questions, How can I awaken to a deeper understanding of the Catholic healthcare ministry in changing times? and, How should the organization be transformed to keep mission and values alive? Good strategic planning takes practice and discipline. As a judge of quality and effectiveness, as well as a participant in strategic planning, the trustee needs some benchmarks for assessing how well he or she is doing and how well the organization is doing. To understand how strategic planning will contribute to better governance and how the trustee should be involved, it is necessary to resolve three basic questions: (1) What is a good plan? (2) What are a good structure and process for planning? and (3) How is success measured?

Catholicism↗
PubMed1989

Computerized tomography in metastatic evaluation.

A case is presented in which a radionuclide liver-spleen scan suggested multiple space-occupying lesions compatible with multiple metastases. Computed axial tomography, however, demonstrated more generalized hypodensity without focal defects, and liver biopsy confirmed the presence of fatty infiltration and cirrhosis. The sensitivity and specificity of liver spleen scans and computed axial tomography scans compared to liver biopsy are reviewed. In the evaluation of hepatic metastases, computed axial tomography scanning should be the diagnostic imaging procedure of choice.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Secondary effects and enhanced in vivo efficacy.

Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as the imidazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles are generally regarded as inhibitors of sterol C-14 demethylation. Neither the MIC values nor the data for direct interaction with the cytochrome P-450 responsible for oxidative C-14 methyl removal, however, fully explain the observed in vivo efficacy. The first generation of azoles, which includes clotrimazole and miconazole, has been supplemented by a second generation, and azoles of the new generation are capable of additional effects on sterol biosynthesis. With the new azoles, for example, delta 5 sterols may accumulate, the accumulation being due to additional sites of inhibition in sterol biosynthesis or to direct membrane-azole interactions. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, and vibunazole are representative of the azoles of the second generation. Finally, a third generation of azoles has been discovered. Azoles of this generation, which include fluconazole, show almost negligible in vitro potency against saprophytically grown fungi but excellent in vivo efficacy. These compounds specifically affect parasitic forms of fungi, thus blocking invasion processes, and interfere directly with the plasma membrane, as shown in leakage experiments. Such secondary effects obviously enhance in vivo potency.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of high-dose i.v. alizapride in prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis.

Alizapride is a new antidopaminergic-related benzamide with specific antiemetic properties. Pharmacokinetics at a high repetitive dose (16 mg/kg) shows a biexponential plasma decay with T1/2 alpha of 8.33 +/- 2.47 min and T1/2 beta 2.8 +/- 0.7 hr. Large Vdss and high total body clearance are apparent. We demonstrate an increase in drug exposure during the first 6 hr after CDDP infusion by shortening the interval between injections. We conclude that the rate of infusion of alizapride could be important in the efficacy of the drug.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1987

Fenoterol depot and fenoterol in premature uterine contractions--a multicentric double-blind comparative study.

In a double-blind randomized study, the effect of a single dose of a fenoterol preparation with delayed release of active substance (designated as fenoterol depot) was compared with a fenoterol product with undelayed release of active substance (designated as fenoterol) in two groups respectively comprising 66 and 65 female patients with premature uterine contractions. The fenoterol depot was administered p.o. in a single total dose of 21 mg at the beginning of an investigation period of 360 minutes and the fenoterol was administered p.o. within 235 minutes in three identical consecutive doses resulting in a total dose of 22.5 mg. The increased uterine activity present at the beginning was markedly lowered by an initial intravenous infusion of Partusisten. After administration of the two oral preparations, the uterine contractions remained at the low level achieved. The fenoterol depot was slightly superior to fenoterol with regard to the reduction of the duration of contractions: the difference in the inhibition of the duration of the contraction between the two preparations was a maximum of 25.7% in favor of fenoterol depot. The frequency of uterine contraction was substantially reduced by both preparations, but to a greater extent by the depot form. The tocolytic efficacy and the tolerance were rated as "good" in 70% and 75% respectively with fenoterol depot and in 69% and in 71% respectively in the case of fenoterol. The maternal pulse rate remained at the level reached at the end of Partusisten infusion with the two preparation, and the blood pressure fluctuated slightly within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of i.v. and i.p. VM26 chemotherapy in mice bearing Krebs II ascitic tumors.

The pharmacokinetics and the efficacy of VM26 are studied following i.p. or i.v. administration in mice bearing Krebs II ascitic tumors. The i.p. inoculation of 30.10(6) Krebs II cells in Swiss mice leads to the formation of ascites. The effects of VM26 were dependent upon the route of administration. A 2 mg/kg i.p. single dose induces an equivalent per cent increase of median survival time than a 20 mg/kg i.v. single dose. The survival advantage of i.p. VM26 was found to be related to the pharmacologic benefit of i.p. administration. If local toxicity does not prove to be a major problem, i.p. VM26 may constitute a safe and practical mode of therapy in patients with intraabdominal tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Prevention of infection in hysterectomy by local preoperative antibiotics].

By once-only administration of a vaginal ovulum containing tetracyclin (Mysteclin) in the evening prior to surgery wound infections, in particular following vaginal hysterectomies, are significantly reduced. This does not apply to the infection parameters fever and urinary tract infections, which are not influenced by local preoperative antibiosis. The method should only be used in cases with a low primary infection risk, where it is justified by virtue of the simlicity of performing it, its lack of complications, and its low cost.

Administration, Intravaginal↗