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Biomedical subjects

D Berdel

Publications and source records attributed to D Berdel.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The simplified oscillation method for measuring nasal resistance during provocation with allergens.

The simplified oscillation method was adapted to register nasal resistance because complicated and difficult procedures limited other known rhinomanometric tests. An initial study of thirty-nine subjects compared the effect of different-sized masks, revealing that the smaller the face mask, the smaller the capacitance and the higher the effective resistance. After an initial measurement, a second study group of twenty healthy and twenty pollinosis patients aged from 4 to 40 years underwent nasal provocation with grass pollen extract. Both study groups showed that despite high resistance, reactances were minor. This occurs because the nose acts as an aperture and an aperture has minimal reactances. With increasing concentrations of pollen extract, the nasal resistance of pollinosis subjects increased steadily, whereas the controls showed no change. Passive anterior rhinomanometry was measured for comparison and results contrasted sharply with the oscillation method: prior to provocation, initial values of control and pollinosis groups were already significantly different; after provocation, there was a statistically significant rise in resistance amongst the control as well as the pollinosis subjects. Further, the oscillation method for measuring nasal resistance proved to be simple, effective, and suitable for children.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[The importance of nasal provocation and rhinomanometry (author's transl)].

The diagnostic investigation of allergic rhinitis requires nasal provocation. Subjective signs of such an allergy are secretion, irritation (itching and sneezing), and swelling of the nasal mucosa. Mainly the latter can be determined objectively, by measuring the change in nasal airway resistance using rhinomanometry. We shall discuss the current method which is especially suitable for determining nasal allergies in children. The results of 69 allergic and 22 healthy subjects investigated with the oscillation method will be presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Pluriglandular insufficiency due to transfusion haemosiderosis in Blackfan-Diamond anaemia (author's transl)].

The article reports on a boy aged 16 1/2 years suffering from transfusion haemosiderosis associated with corticoid-resistant blackfan diamond anaemia. Besides hepatosplenomegalia and cardiomegalia, the course of the disease was mainly determined by the deficient functioning of several endocrine glands. The diagnosis revealed primary hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and partial insufficiency of the pituitary gland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Measurement of nasal resistance using the oscillation method (author's transl)].

The nasal resistance of 15 healthy subjects aged 12 to 45 years was measured using the spontaneous flow method (Rhinomanometer A 440) and a new variation of the external flow method, namely the oscillation method (Siregnost FD-5). The results of both types of methods were so similar, that the methods can be interchanged for one another. In comparison to the spontaneous flow method, the oscillatory external flow method has the advantage of being simpler to carry out. In addition, there is little stress to the patient that it is especially suitable for children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of the oscillatory measurement of airway resistance with plethysmography and spirometry in juvenile patients].

In 78 children (age 4 to 17 years, height 102 to 179 cm) with and without clinical signs of airway obstruction, spirometric and plethysmographic measurements were compared with the forced oscillation method for determination of resistance to breathing (Ros). Ros was measured with a recently developed apparatus (Siregnost FD5. Siemens) and showed a close correlation with resistance (r = 0.84; n = 78). The spirometric values did not, however, exhibit a definite relationship to Ros. This study demonstrates that airway obstruction in children can be equally well estimated by oscillatory and plethysmographic techniques. Compared with plethysmography, determination of Ros has the particular advantage of being better tolerated by young subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The value of measurements of oscillatory resistance in the evaluation of lung function. A comparative study in adults and children (author's transl)].

Measurements of total oscillatory impedance (ROS) together with spirometric and body plethysmographic determinations were made in adults and children and the results were compared. In adults (n = 260) correlation was less close (r = 0.53) than it was in 88 children (r = 0.82). Even if ROS was of similar magnitude the phase shift between pressure and flow tended to be more negative than it was in children. These differences are presumably due to anatomical differences between the adult and the growing lung. In interpretation of the results it is suggested that the differences in the ratio: airways compliance/airways resistance reflect changes arising from age and disease processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[A case of hyperlipoproteinaemia of type I (author's transl)].

The article reports on a boy of six years of age with hyperlipoproteinaemia of Type I. His case was notable for abducens paralysis and hepatosplenomegaly. Routine diagnosis with plasmatriglyceride and plasma-cholesterol, as well as liproprotein electrophoresis, was supplemented by measurement of the activity of the triglyceride lipases in the post-heparinplasma.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1979

[Triglandular insufficiency in a 14-year old boy (diabetes mellitus, adrenal cortex insufficiency, hypothyrosis) (author's transl)].

The article reports on a 14-year old boy who developed diabetes mellitus juvenilis when he was twelve years old. In his fourteenth year of life, an insufficiency of the adrenal cortex appeared as an additional symptom, followed half a year later by hypothyrosis. The article discusses the aetiological aspects. References are added regarding the combination of Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus in children and juveniles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Normal values of respiratory resistance in childhood (oscillation method) (author's transl)].

Normal values for respiratory resistance were determined by means of the oscillation method in 257 children and adolescents of both sexes aged 3--17 years. Respiratory resistance, measured by both the oscillatory and plethysmographic method, increased in inverse proportion to body height, body weight, body surface and age. Normal values can be estimated by means of the equation: y = 14.51--0.064X (X = hight in centimetres).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The bronchodilator effect of a fixed-combination metered aerosol (fenoterol and ipratropium bromide).

The fixed-combination metered aerosol lK6 (fenoterol 0.05 mg/puff, ipratropium bromide 0.02 mg/puff--Berodual, Boehringer-Ingelheim Ltd., Ridgefield, Conn.) was administered to 12 children (8 boys, 4 girls) aged 3 1/2 to 6 2/12 years who had extrinsic bronchial asthma. Three forms of administration, each with a different site of action, were compared: Two puffs during inspiration. Probable site of action: oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Two puffs using an inhalational aid during inspiration. Probable site of action: pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Two puffs in the breathing interval after deep inspiration. Probable site of action: oral cavity and pharynx. The resistance of the respiratory system (Rrs) was measured using oscillometry for up to 360 minutes after administration. A significant decrease of the median resistance was found with all three forms of administration. The changes were Form 1-48% of baseline after 120 minutes; Form 2-47.9% of baseline after 60 minutes; Form 3-44.4% of baseline after 30 minutes. The greatest decrease was observed with form 1. The study indicates that significant bronchodilation was achieved in small children using the combination of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide administered by metered aerosol even when inhalation and the release of the puff were not synchronized. A significant bronchodilator effect was also observed in cases of severe bronchial obstruction in which transport of the active ingredients to the lower airways could not be sufficiently guaranteed.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The hypersensitive respiratory system in childhood].

Aetiological factors and mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity are discussed. The hypothesis of increased permeability of the bronchial mucosa--caused by either endogenous or exogenous stimuli--as the most plausible explanation for the connection between hyperreactivity and childhood asthma bronchiale is emphasized. Finally, unspecific inhalative provocation tests for proof of bronchial hyperreactivity, its indications and contraindications as well as the criteria of judgement are mentioned.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myasthenia gravis following lupus erythematosus disseminatus].

Report on a 15 1/4 year old girl who developed Lupus erythematodes disseminatus when she was 9 years old. Four years later Myasthenia gravis occurred leading to myasthenic crisis in her 16th year of life. The special course of the disease and the diagnostic of Myasthenia gravis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of parasympatholytics.

The role of the vagus in bronchial asthma implicates to suggest that parasympatholytics are potent drugs in asthma therapy. The most important parasympatholytics today are ipratropium and oxitropium bromide. They are effective by blocking the cholinergic or muscarinic receptors of the bronchial smooth muscle and thereby inhibit cholinergic bronchomotor tone. Although they are generally somewhat less effective broncholdilators compared to beta 2-adrenergics, they are potent antiasthmatic drugs especially in infants and small children, in whom beta 2-adrenergics seem to be not so much effective. As with inhaled beta 2-adrenergics a correct inhalation technique is required for an optimal effect with parasympatholytics as well, but it could be shown that both groups of substances do have a good antiobstructive effect even when just sprayed into the mouth. Apart from the theoretical implications discussed the clinical importance of these findings for the antiobstructive treatment of those patients unable to inhale properly including infants and small children is emphasized.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An open study to assess the long-term safety of fluticasone propionate in asthmatic children. International Study Group.

This study was conducted to assess the long-term safety of fluticasone propionate 50 micrograms twice daily (100 micrograms/day) or 100 micrograms twice daily (200 micrograms/day) administered via a dry powder inhaler in children aged 4-17 years with moderately severe asthma. A total of 257 patients received open treatment for 12 months. Of these, 110 had not received treatment with fluticasone propionate in any prior study. The remaining 147 patients had completed one of two previous short-term inhaled fluticasone propionate studies. In all, 132 patients (51%) reported 273 adverse events, the pattern of which was as expected in an atopic population with asthma; only 26 (10%) of these reports were considered either certainly, probably or possibly related to study treatment. The events most commonly reported either as a single or multiple diagnosis were: asthma and related events (25%), upper respiratory tract infection (13%), and rhinitis (6%). For most patients who reported a worsening of asthma, additional therapy was all that was required to control symptoms, and they continued in the study. There was a low incidence (2%) of pharmacologically predictable adverse events. Eight patients (3%) withdrew from the study because of an adverse event, five of which events (one each of hypertension, hoarseness and asthma and two of oral candidiasis) were recorded as being possibly or probably drug-related. Sixteen adverse events reported by 15 patients (6%) were classified as serious but none was considered to be related to the study drug. Of these reports 10 ( patients; 4%) were exacerbations of asthma requiring hospital admission; the other six adverse events were unrelated to asthma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗