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Biomedical subjects

D Bates

Publications and source records attributed to D Bates.

132 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The prognostic value of stress hyperglycaemia and previously unrecognized diabetes in acute stroke.

In a prospective study of 86 patients with acute stroke, blood glucose and HbA1 were estimated within 72 h of onset. The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus was 8% whereas 28% could be assumed to have had unrecognized hyperglycaemia preceeding the acute event as identified by a stable HbA1 raised more than two SD above the mean reference value. Complete functional recovery of the limbs within 4 weeks of the stroke was confined to those patients with a normal admission blood glucose. None of the patients with a raised admission blood glucose regained full functional recovery within 4 weeks. Cumulative mortality at 4 weeks was significantly raised in patients with an elevated blood glucose value irrespective of their HbA1 values (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of unrecognized hyperglycaemia as a risk factor for acute stroke is greater than previously reported in the UK and admission blood glucose concentration is of greatest importance in predicting early mortality and morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurologic and neuropsychological morbidity following major surgery: comparison of coronary artery bypass and peripheral vascular surgery.

As part of a prospective study of the neurologic and neuropsychological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 312 patients were compared with a control group of 50 patients undergoing major surgery for peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of comparing the 2 groups was to determine to what extent neurologic complications after heart surgery can be attributed to cardiopulmonary bypass. The 2 groups were similar with respect to age, preoperative neurologic and intellectual status, anesthetic methods, duration of operation, perioperative complications, and time spent in the intensive therapy unit. Certain potential risk factors for cerebrovascular disease were more common in the control than the coronary bypass patients. The important difference between the 2 groups was that only the latter group underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. In this group 191 of 312 (61%) and 235 of 298 (79%), respectively, developed early neurologic and neuropsychological complications. By the time of hospital discharge 17% had neurologic disability and 38% had significant neuropsychological symptoms. In the control group 9 of 50 (18%) developed neurologic complications resulting largely from trauma to lower limb sensory nerves. Two patients developed primitive reflexes. Fifteen of 48 (31%) showed neuropsychological impairment on 1 or 2 subtest scores. Moderate or severe intellectual dysfunction was not seen in the control patients in contrast to the 24% thus affected in the coronary bypass group. The difference in frequency and severity of central nervous system complications between the 2 groups is likely to reflect cerebral injury resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acoustic analysis of speech through a hearing aid: consonant-vowel ratio effects with two-channel compression amplification.

In this study, the consonant-vowel ratio (CVR) changes associated with varying the compression ratio and crossover frequency of two-channel syllabic compression amplification were examined. Consonant-vowel syllables were recorded at 60 and 75 dB SPL input levels to the hearing aid under 13 different amplification conditions: 12 compression conditions and a condition that used linear amplification in both channels. Syllables consisted of voiceless stops, fricatives, and affricates combined with the vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/. Acoustic analysis of the processed syllables indicated that the CVR was generally increased with compression, compared to linear amplification, and that the effects were greatest for amplification with compression in the high-frequency channel. In addition, higher CVRs were obtained when the crossover frequency was raised. Compression in the low-frequency channel had the least effect on CVR. As previous research has indicated that CVR may serve as a cue to the perception of some consonant sounds by people with hearing impairment, the results suggest the need for caution with the application of high-frequency channel compression until the perceptual effects are fully investigated.

Hearing Aids↗