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Biomedical subjects

D Bataille

Publications and source records attributed to D Bataille.

124 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Heterogeneity of protein hormones in radioimmunoassay].

Radioimmunoassay measures antigenic determinants of hormonal molecules in the plasma and tissues. These estimations carried out after fractionation in biological fluids, have revealed several immunological forms of the same hormone. These immunoreactive forms may be added to already well known elements of hormonal heterogeneity: formation of aggregate, polymerisation, links to transport proteins, microheterogeneity by silent mutation. The main problem is in the relationship of the various immunoreactive forms to the same hormonal sequence. The similar immunoreactive forms of high molecular weight (big hormone) usually have low biological activity and suggest the presence of prohormone; the suggestion of prohormonal nature depends on the chronology of the incorporation of labelled leucine and enzymatic transformation of prohormone with low biological into active hormone. The forms with high molecular weight and similar immunological activity may be of another nature. Thus, it has been shown that the biosynthetic nature of a compound such as big big insulin in the rat is doubtful owing to the absence of specific incorporation of labelled leucine into the immunoprecipitate of this fraction. The significance of low molecular weight forms is still little known. There may be breakdown products, biologically active products or biosynthetic products. An example of these forms is supplied by the existence of an alpha sub-unit of gonadotrophin present in the plasma of menopausal women. The interest of analytical methods by radio-receptor, stimulation of cyclase activity in the identification of biological activity of immunoreactive forms, is discussed in relation to immunological forms of enteroglucagon. An unusual aspect of the evolutive and adaptative character of hormonal heterogeneity is given by the gastro-intestinal hormones: secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and enteroglucagon, have similar structure and mode of action; however, the existence of a specific receptor is a sign of their functional differentiation at molecular level.

Epitopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucagon-37 (oxyntomodulin) and glucagon-29 (pancreatic glucagon) in human bowel: analysis by HPLC and radioreceptorassay.

A method for assaying specifically the biologically active peptides Glucagon-37 (G-37/Oxyntomodulin/bioactive Enteroglucagon) and Glucagon-29 (G-29/pancreatic Glucagon) has been developed by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of crude tissue extracts followed by radioreceptorassay in liver membranes. The peaks observed with this method in samples from human bowel have also been analysed in two other assays: stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in gastric glands and radioimmunoassay. Owing to the different patterns of activity of porcine G-37 and G-29 in these assays, the comparison of the data obtained allows to discriminate between the two peptides. The same behaviour in both HPLC and the three assays of the human peaks on one hand and the porcine peptides on the other strongly suggests that human intestine contains a very similar or the same molecules as that isolated from the porcine tissues. Whatever the portion of small intestine, G-37 represented ca 90% of G-37 + G-29. A decreasing concentration gradient of both G-37 and G-29 was also observed from ileum to descending colon.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of oxyntomodulin (glucagon-37) and glucagon on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the conscious rat.

The inhibitory effect of glucagon on exocrine pancreas has been the subject of controversial reports. On the other hand, oxyntomodulin (bioactive enteroglucagon or glucagon-37), a 37 amino acid peptide isolated from porcine lower intestine, has been shown to be 10-20 times more potent than glucagon in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in the rat. In view of this, the effect of glucagon and oxyntomodulin on basal and caerulein-stimulated pancreatic secretion has been studied, during re-introduction of pancreatic juice into duodenum, in the conscious rat provided with pancreatic and duodenal fistulas. A depression of pancreatic function was observed with both peptides on the three parameters studied: (volume of juice secreted, bicarbonate and protein output), either under basal conditions or during stimulation by caerulein. In all the experimental conditions used, oxyntomodulin was ca. ten times more potent than glucagon in its inhibitory effect. The fact that oxyntomodulin, as what is observed in the stomach, is one order of magnitude more potent than glucagon in inhibiting pancreatic secretion suggests that the biological mechanisms by which the peptides of the glucagon-family act on exocrine pancreas are similar, or related to that present at the gastric level.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute non-obstructive necrotizing enterocolitis in adults].

Acute non-obstructive necrotizing enterocolitis in adults is characterized by pathological features: it is an intestinal necrosis beginning in the mucosa, without obstruction of the mesenteric vessels. The disease occurs in a variety of circumstances which may be roughly divided into infections and fall in proximal or distal mesenteric flow rate, the infectious and circulatory mechanisms often coexisting. Little information on the diagnosis is provided by clinical and paraclinical data. Management is medical and/or surgical; it includes alleviation of the symptoms in intensive care unit, attempts at producing local vasodilation whenever possible and resection of the intestinal segment affected. In many cases the diagnosis is made at exploratory laparotomy. The prognosis is poor; it depends on the patient's age, on the extent of the lesions which sometimes require wide intestinal resections, and on the time to diagnosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of biopsy of accessory salivary glands for the diagnosis of amyloidosis].

There are few reports of amyloidosis diagnosed by deliberate biopsy of accessory salivary glands. Usually, a biopsy performed for dry mouth syndrome reveals an unsuspected amyloidosis. We report the case of 2 patients with lambda-type light chain monoclonal gammapathy complicated by generalized amyloidosis and in whom biopsy of the accessory salivary glands showed signs of amyloidosis. In the first patient accessory salivary gland biopsy was performed because these glands were enlarged, and the monoclonal dysglobulinaemia was subsequently diagnosed by serum immunoelectrophoresis. In the second patient with nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy could not be carried out owing to the presence of a renal malformation; amyloidosis was confirmed by periumbilical fat aspiration, and a systematic biopsy of accessory salivary glands also showed evidence of amyloidosis. Biopsy of accessory salivary glands seems to be a particularly simple and safe method to detect generalized amyloidosis in patients with chronic inflammatory disease or monoclonal dysglobulinaemia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Double heart valve replacement disclosing antiphospholipid syndrome].

In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) heart valve lesions are usually discovered at echocardiography; their haemodynamic repercussions are uncommon, and valve replacement is exceptional. We report the case of a woman who had undergone aortic and mitral valve replacement before antiphospholipid antibodies were found associated with 4 ARA criteria of SLE. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Libman-Sachs specific endocarditis. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies leads to a discussion of their role in the physiopathology of the heart valve lesions and vascular accidents that occurred in this patient. The overlap observed between the diagnostic criteria of SLE and those of primary antiphospholipid syndrome is discussed. Heart valve lesions may be one of the modes of access to the antiphospholipid syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A glucagon fragment is responsible for the inhibition of the liver Ca2+ pump by glucagon.

Glucagon specifically inhibits the Ca2+ pump in liver plasma membranes independently of adenylate cyclase activation. However, this inhibition is only observed at high concentrations of glucagon (Ki = 0.7 microM). Moreover, in the presence of bacitracin, an inhibitor of glucagon degradation, the Ca2+ pump is no longer sensitive to glucagon. These findings suggest that a fragment of glucagon might be the true effector of the liver Ca2+ pump. Pairs of basic amino acids are recognized as potential cleavage sites in post-translational processing of peptide hormones. The glucagon molecule includes a dibasic doublet (Arg 17-Arg 18). Therefore, we have examined the action of glucagon(19-29) on the liver Ca2+ pump. This peptide was obtained from glucagon by tryptic cleavage and separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that glucagon(19-29), which is totally ineffective in activating adenylate cyclase, inhibited both the Ca2+-activated and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity [Ca2+-Mg2+) ATPase) and Ca2+ transport in liver plasma membranes with an efficiency 1,000-fold higher than that of glucagon. Glucagon(1-21) was completely inactive; glucagon(18-29) and glucagon(22-29) acted only as partial agonists of glucagon(19-29). These results indicate that glucagon(19-29), obtained by proteolytic cleavage of glucagon, is likely to be the active peptide involved in the inhibition of the liver Ca2+ pump. We suggest that glucagon may be a precursor of at least one biologically active peptide.

Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic revision for failed anti-reflux surgery. Preliminary results.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease has become common practice. These operations are known to fail in about 10%, the need for re-intervention approximates 5%. Re-fundoplications are feasible laparoscopically but are technically demanding. METHODOLOGY: For the present paper, we reviewed retrospectively the 10 patients that, in our practice, needed a re-intervention for failure of a prior fundoplication. The causes were: narrowed passage at wrap level (n=4), intra-thoracic wrap migration (n=3), wrap disruption (n=2) and gastric volvulus (n=1). RESULTS: All 10 patients underwent a re-operation consisting of a confection of a new 360 degrees wrap. All interventions were completed laparoscopically and no major complication occurred. The results of these revised fundoplications were satisfying with complete resolution of reflux and/or dysphagia in all patients but one. This latter patient still needed anti-acid medication for an unexplained persistent reflux. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, laparoscopic correction of failed fundoplications is technically feasible and associated with low rate of complications and high success rate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vip in human neonates and infants. As measured by radioimmunoassay and radioreceptorassay (author's transl)].

The Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) was assayed in the gut of human neonates and premature infants immediately after death or surgery. In these conditions, values ranged between 150 and 740 ng/g of bioled tissue. The implication of VIP in Vermer-Morrison syndrome is further assessed by the correlation between clinical symptomatology and plasma VIP levels. The immunoassayable VIP (IA-VIP) extracted from normal gut or tumor is shown to fully interact with specific receptor for VIP in liver. This fact suggests the biological potency of IA-VIP.

Biological Assay↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) tissue distribution in the rat as measured by radioimmunoassay and by radioreceptorassay (author's transl)].

A new radioimmunoassay which allows the measurement of the rat vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, was performed. VIP is present in the whole digestive tract of rat, mainly between the duodenum and the colon. 1.5% of the total VIP is present in brain. The VIP-like immunoreactivity appears to correspond to biologically active molecule since a radioreceptorassay using liver plasma membranes as the target tissue, gives the same results as the radioimmunoassay.

Animals↗