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Biomedical subjects

D Bansal

Publications and source records attributed to D Bansal.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Altered lipid parameters in patients infected with Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Giardia lamblia.

Information on the effect of parasitic infections on lipid parameters is scarce. Certain parasites induce significant changes in lipid parameters, as demonstrated by the fact that substitution of lipid/cholesterol for serum in axenic culture medium (in vitro) and in experimental models (in vivo) supports vigorous growth of Entamoeba histolytica. Thus, significant changes in lipid parameters may be induced in an infected host. Blood samples are obtained from intestinal amoebiasis patients passing E. histolytica (n=8), E. dispar (n=15) or Giardia lamblia (n=9) cysts, or diagnosed with amoebic liver abscess (ALA; n=50) and from apparently normal healthy individuals (control group; n=30). Levels of total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein are assessed using commercial kits. E. histolytica and E. dispar isolates are differentiated by hexokinase isoenzyme electrophoresis and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Techlab) tests. Results show that E. histolytica, E. dispar and G. lamblia cyst passers had significantly lower levels of total serum cholesterol (73.42 +/- 2.24 mg/dL), compared to levels in ALA cases (101 +/- 2.85 mg/dL) and in controls (166.26 +/- 2.02 mg/dL). Further study of a greater number of cases is needed to explore the relevance of this finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Extramammary Paget's disease masquerading as lichen sclerosus.

A wide range of genital infections and skin conditions may present with vulval pruritus. Lichen sclerosus is one cause. This is often associated with visible skin changes which include atrophy, resorption or fusion of the labia, sclerosis and excoriation. Ulceration may indicate malignant transformation and requires urgent biopsy. Many experienced clinicians diagnose lichen sclerosus on clinical appearance, however we recommend a low threshold for biopsy, especially for non-responding or odd looking lesions. We report a patient whose vulval skin biopsy for clinically suspected lichen sclerosus revealed extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva. We review the pathology, prognosis and treatment of this condition.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

'Shelf life' of Trichomonas vaginalis.

The diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection in women may be made by observing motile trichomonads in wet-mount preparations of vaginal discharge. The duration for which these organisms can be identified in such samples is unknown. We sought to assess this by performing wet-mount microscopy on samples from female patients immediately, and then in positive samples, every 10 minutes until motile trichomonads could no longer be identified. Of the 65 wet-mount specimens positive for TV, a cumulative total of 13 (20%) samples had become negative by 10 minutes, 23 (35%) samples by 30 minutes and 51 samples (78%) by two hours, with the remainder exceeding two hours. We conclude that one-fifth of wet-mount vaginal preparations initially positive for motile TV become negative within 10 minutes of the initial, immediate reading. In order to maximize the sensitivity of this widely used test it is recommended that all specimens be examined immediately after they are taken.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Quality of working life in genitourinary medicine.

Quality issues are becoming increasingly relevant to the working lives of health care staff. We sought to assess the perceived work-related quality of life of staff working in a genitourinary medicine (GUM) department using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire focusing on areas from the Trust's staff charter. Over two-thirds (69%) of the staff members participated. Perceptions of working life were generally good within GUM. In particular staff felt valued as a resource with free expression of ideas, involvement in decision making, fair treatment and respect. Weaker areas were identified enabling a plan to be developed to address these. It is important to address quality in working life in order to achieve improvements.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Transfusion reactions.

Blood components are indicated in a wide variety of disease states. Although most transfusion therapies are administered uneventfully, there are a number of potential adverse transfusion reactions, some of which can assume serious dimensions. These reactions could occur during or even days after a transfusion. A brief description of the adverse effects of transfusion therapy has been outlined in this review. The etiopathogenesis, recognition and treatment of the adverse transfusion reactions have been highlighted. It is imperative that each transfusion of blood components has components be monitored carefully. Prompt recognition of an adverse event and early institution of remedial measures would help in decreasing transfusion related morbidity and mortality.

Blood Group Incompatibility↗
PubMed1999

Disruption of the sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex in vascular smooth muscle: a novel mechanism for cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy.

To investigate mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy associated with mutations of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, we analyzed genetically engineered mice deficient for either alpha-sarcoglycan (Sgca) or delta-sarcoglycan (Sgcd). We found that only Sgcd null mice developed cardiomyopathy with focal areas of necrosis as the histological hallmark in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Absence of the sarcoglycan-sarcospan (SG-SSPN) complex in skeletal and cardiac membranes was observed in both animal models. Loss of vascular smooth muscle SG-SSPN complex was only detected in Sgcd null mice and associated with irregularities of the coronary vasculature. Administration of a vascular smooth muscle relaxant prevented onset of myocardial necrosis. Our data indicate that disruption of the SG-SSPN complex in vascular smooth muscle perturbs vascular function, which initiates cardiomyopathy and exacerbates muscular dystrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Study of diagnostic modalities and pathology of Helicobacter pylori infection in children.

To evaluate various diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in children, and to study the spectrum of endoscopic and histological changes in the stomach and duodenum of children with gastroduodenal disorders, associated with Hp infection Children below 12 years of age with various gastroduodenal disorders requiring upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were studied. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were collected from duodenum and antrum. Apart from histopathological examination of biopsy material, rapid urease test (RUT) of the antral biopsy specimen and blood examination to estimate specific IgG antibodies to Hp by Indirect Solid Phase Enzyme Immunoassay was performed. Forty seven children were included. Nine (19.1%) of them were positive both by serology and RUT. Seven (14.9%) were positive by histology. A significant correlation of Hp was noticed with chronic antral gastritis (p = 0.002) and chronic duodenitis (p = 0.006). Age equal to or more than 10 years was found to be significant risk factor for acquiring Hp infection. Prevalence of Hp in children with gastroduodenal complaints was found to be 19%. Both RUT and serology were found to be reliable diagnostic tests for Hp as compared with histology. Antral gastritis and chronic duodenitis had a significant correlation with Hp colonization.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in rats.

The effect of chronic ethanol feeding has been studied on intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity. The enzyme was assayed using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), phenylphosphate (PhP) and beta-glycerophosphate (beta GP) as the substrates. Feeding of ethanol for 10 days did not effect the enzyme activity but it was markedly elevated in animals fed ethanol for 20 or 30 days. However, ethanol administration to rats, for over 6 wk exhibited a decline in IAP activity, both in the soluble and membrane fractions of intestine. Kinetic studies revealed an enhancement in Vmax with no change in apparent Km after 30 days of ethanol feeding and a decrease in Vmax after 6 wk of ethanol ingestion. These results were confirmed by assaying the enzyme activity in non-denatured polyacrylamide gels using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoly1 phosphate (BCIP) as the substrate. These findings suggest differential changes in IAP activity in response to ethanol feeding in rats.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

Helicobacter pylori infection in recurrent abdominal pain.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and to evaluate various modalities to diagnose Hp infection. DESIGN: Prospective case control study. SETTING: Teaching hospital. METHODS: Children between 3-12 years of age with RAP in whom upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination was indicated were studied. Endoscopic biopsy specimen were collected from duodenum, antrum and esophagus. Apart from histopathological examination of biopsy material, rapid urease test (RUT) of the antral biopsy specimen and blood examination to estimate specific IgG antibodies to Hp by Indirect Solid Phase Enzyme Immunoassay was performed. The results of Hp IgG antibodies was compared with age matched controls. RESULTS: Thirty one children with RAP were subjected to endoscopic examination and their anti Hp IgG antibodies status compared with 26 controls. Hp colonization was detected in 7 children (23%) with RAP; by RUT in 23% and antral biopsy in 16% of cases. Anti Hp IgG antibodies were also positive in almost equal proportion (19%) of controls (p = 0.757). Endoscopic examination revealed esophagitis in 16% of cases and none had evidence of gastric or duodenal erosion, ulcer or cobblestone appearance of antrum. A significant correlation of Hp was noticed with chronic antral gastritis (p = 0.002), chronic duodenitis (p = 0.02) and age > 10 years (p = 0.02). No significant correlation was noticed between Hp colonization and various socioeconomic risk factors. CONCLUSION: Hp does not seem to be commonly associated with RAP in our patient population as Hp colonization was detected in only 23% of cases which was not significantly higher than the seroprevalence of anti Hp IgG antibodies in the controls. However, a small sample size of our study limits drawing any firm conclusions. Antral gastritis and chronic duodenitis had a significant correlation with Hp colonization. RUT was found to be a reliable diagnostic test to detect Hp.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokine mRNA expressions in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic amoebiasis patients.

Infection with Entamoeba histolytica results in high mortality worldwide. Studies on the cytokine response in symptomatic and asymptomatic amoebiasis (caused by E. histolytica, the pathogenic species and E. dispar, the non-pathogenic species) subjects and their correlation with symptomatology are lacking. The present study reports the cytokine response (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta) in such subjects as measured by RT-PCR. The results showed significantly (< 0.05) higher expressions of IL-10 and TGF-beta in the symptomatic group as compared to the asymptomatic and healthy controls. The cytokine profile indicated the role of suppressive immune response in symptomatic amoebiasis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Portal hypertension secondary to Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

We report two children, aged 2 and 2 1/2 years, with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Both were administered chemotherapy, with apparently good response. However, hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension were detected 5 and 1 1/2 years after therapy, respectively. The first child died after a bout of hematemesis. Hepatic fibrosis can proceed despite apparently successful chemotherapy in LCH.

Child, Preschool↗