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Biomedical subjects

D B Wile

Publications and source records attributed to D B Wile.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clinical and biological aspects of acid phosphatase.

The identity and genetic origins of the nonspecific orthophosphate monoesterases with an acid pH optimum--the acid phosphatases--are now becoming clear. They form a family of genetically distinct isoenzymes, many of which show significant posttranslational modification. Four true isoenzymes exist. The erythrocytic and lysosomal forms show widespread distribution and are expressed in most cells; in contrast, the prostatic and macrophagic forms have a more limited expression. The erythrocytic and macrophagic forms are distinguished from the others in resisting inhibition by dextrorotatory tartrate. The prostatic form has long been used as a marker for prostatic cancer and the macrophagic forms have been linked with miscellaneous disorders, notably increased osteolysis, Gaucher's disease of spleen, and hairy cell leukemia, whereas the normal levels of intravesical lysosomal acid phosphatase in I cell disease pointed the way toward the mechanisms underlying its intracellular processing.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Hypoalphalipoproteinaemia and polymorphisms associated with reduced expression of the apolipoprotein A-I gene and resolution of disputed paternity in a large English family.

A Pst-I RFLP polymorphism adjacent to the 3' end of the apolipoprotein A-I gene is reported to associate with hypoalphalipoproteinaemia with dominant inheritance in families identified through accelerated coronary heart disease. This association was not apparent in a large English family identified through voluntary health screening, and with no evident premature coronary disease. Any association could, however, be masked by sex, or by further undetermined variation affecting Pst-I restriction sites. Analysis of this and other polymorphisms present also led to resolution both of disputed paternity and of a long-standing family feud.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms are associated with lipid levels in men of South Asian descent.

Three polymorphic sites of the apolipoprotein B gene - the insertion/deletion signal peptide, XbaI and EcoRI sites - were examined in a sample of 107 healthy men and in 46 men with evidence of coronary heart disease selected from a large population survey of South Asians aged 40-69 in London, U.K. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls. Frequencies of the ins (insertion) and X- (absence of XbaI cutting site) alleles were higher in South Asians than in Europeans studied previously (South Asians versus Europeans ins: 0.80 vs. 0.68, P less than 0.025; X-: 0.71 vs. 0.47-0.56, P less than 0.001). The del allele was associated with higher levels of total cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and the X+ allele with lower levels of HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.05), and thus both polymorphisms were associated with differences in the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol (ins/del, P less than 0.01; XbaI, P less than 0.001). Mean waist-hip girth ratio was lower in the 10 men homozygous for the X+ allele than in the 42 men with X-/X+ and 55 men with X-/X- genotypes; the means (+/- SEM) were 0.92 +/- 0.02, 0.97 +/- 0.01 and 0.96 +/- 0.01 respectively (P = 0.03). These data suggest that genetic variation in linkage disequilibrium with the XbaI and ins/del polymorphisms of the apo B gene contributes to the determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels and possibly to obesity in South Asians.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Apolipoprotein A-I gene polymorphisms: frequency in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls and association with serum apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol concentration.

We have investigated the association between serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apo A-I concentration and the PstI and XmnI restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV multigene complex. Two groups of subjects were examined. The first comprised 174 unrelated male patients under 60 years of age with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Of this group 34 were non-North European. The second group consisted of 104 unrelated healthy male North European subjects aged under 60 and free from demonstrable CAD, who attended a health screening clinic in London. For the PstI polymorphism, the frequency of the rarer P2 allele was 0.12 in both the North European and non-North European patients and this was higher than in the control group (P2 frequency 0.06, P less than 0.05). Healthy individuals with the genotype P1P2 had higher levels of apo A-I but similar levels of HDL-C compared to those with the genotype P1P1. However, CAD patients with the genotype P1P2 had lower serum levels of apo A-I and significantly lower serum levels of HDL-C compared to those with the genotype P1P1 (0.85 mmol/l vs. 1.0 mmol/l, P less than 0.05). The allele frequencies of the XmnI polymorphisms were not significantly different in the control group and the group of North European patients, although within the sample of non-North European patients, the frequency of the X2 allele was significantly higher than that found in the North European controls (0.26 vs. 0.09). Patients with the genotype X1X2 had a higher mean serum concentration of HDL-C and apo A-I compared with patients with the genotype X1X1 (1.14 and 0.93 mmol/l for HDL-C, P less than 0.05; 147 and 123 mg/dl for apo A-I, P less than 0.05). Associations between HDL-C and apo A-I levels and PstI and XmnI genotype were similar in patients taking and not taking beta-blockers. The data show that genetic variation in the apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster is associated with coronary artery disease although only weakly, and suggest that the mechanism of this association may operate through an effect in determining the serum concentration of apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hexetidine ('Oraldene'): a report on its antibacterial and antifungal properties on the oral flora in healthy subjects.

A randomized, double-blind crossover trial, in 10 adult healthy subjects, was carried out to compare the antibacterial and antifungal activity of a 0.1% solution of hexetidine with that of placebo. The pre-dosing oral flora of the subjects was assessed from saliva samples cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as Candida albicans. Subjects then rinsed their mouths for 1 minute 3-times a day with 15 ml 0.1% hexetidine or placebo, saliva samples being collected at 2 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours post-dosing. Dosing was continued for 8 consecutive days on each treatment with an intervening wash-out period of 1 week. Hexetidine reduced aerobic bacterial counts on Day 1 and Day 8 by a maximum of 83% and 86%, respectively, at 2 minutes post-dosing. The reductions were statistically significantly lower than placebo up to 1 hour post-dose on Day 1 and up to 3 hours post-dose on Day 8. Similarly for anaerobic bacterial counts, 92% and 88% maximum reductions were recorded on Day 1 and Day 8, which again were significantly lower than placebo for up to 3 hours post-dose. For Candida albicans, however, the maximum reduction was 91% on the first day and 67% on Day 8, maintained for 30 minutes post-dosing. Although not eradicating completely aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, it is concluded that the substantial reduction in their numbers should prove clinically useful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Ideological conflicts between clients and psychotherapists.

Clients come to psychotherapy with their own theories of how their problems are to be solved. These ideas fall into five categories: relationship rescue, will power, vindication, bromide, and spiritualistic theories. Many of the classic disputes which arise between clients and therapists can be attributed to differences in their theories of cure.

Attitude↗