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Biomedical subjects

D B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to D B Scott.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

History of Mendelson's syndrome.

The history of Mendelson's Syndrome is briefly covered and the current problem of the condition in regard to prevention, amelioration and treatment is discussed.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1977

Comparative anaesthetic properties of various local anaesthetic agents in extradural block for labour.

Various concentrations of lignocaine, etidocaine and bupivacaine in 10-ml doses of plain solutions were studied in a double-blind manner as agents for extradural analgesia to relieve the pain of labour. In 67 patients in established labour the onset time and duration of analgesia were assessed by the abolition and recurrence of the pain of uterine contractions, motor block on a 0-2 scale, dermatomal spread by pinprick testing, and arterial pressure by standard sphygmomanometry. Increasing the drug concentration reduced the onset times and increased both the duration of analgesia and the degree of motor block, but had little effect on dermatomal spread or on the frequency of hypotension. Based on the results the agents have been classified with regard to onset and duration of analgesia and degree of motor blockade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Observed and predicted accumulation of local anaesthetic agents during continuous extradural analgesia.

After lumbar extradural injections of ligocaine or etidocaine for surgical anaesthesia further accumulation in the plasma was minimal following top-up injections for pain relief after operation. The dose regimens were: 20 ml of 2% plain lignocaine HCl solution for surgical anaesthesia followed by 10 ml every 1 h until 4 h, and 20 ml of 1% plain etidocaine HCl solution for surgical anaesthesia followed by 10 ml every 2 h until 8 h. Plasma drug concentrations measured after initial doses were used to predict those following successive doses. Agreement between predicted and experimental values was good and further projections were made concerning the local accumulation of etidocaine.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1977

Plasma concentrations of local anaesthetics after interscalene brachial plexus block.

Plasma concentrations of local anaesthetic agents have been measured after 40 interscalene brachial plexus blocks in 39 patients, using lignocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine. Lignocaine produced greater concentrations than prilocaine, and bupivacaine greater concentrations than etidocaine. The addition of adrenaline resulted in much lower concentrations in the case of all four agents.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1977

Modification of the circulatory effects of extradural block combined with general anaesthesia by the addition of adrenaline to lignocaine solutions.

The cardiovascular changes associated with extradural block were measured in two groups of patients who were also receiving light general anaesthesia. In the first two group (five patients) 2% plain lignocaine 20 ml was used and decreases occurred in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral resistance. In the second group (10 patients) 2% lignocaine 20 ml to which adrenaline 1:200,000 had been added was used. Decreases in arterial pressure and peripheral resistance occurred in all patients, but the responses of the cardiac output and heart rate were variable, decreasing in three patients and remaining stable or increasing in seven patients. A high segmental block was presumed to have occurred in those patients who developed bradycardia and a decreased cardiac output. The differences between these studies in anaesthetized patients and those previously reported in conscious volunteers are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Black grain mycetoma (maduromycosis) in horses.

Black grain mycetoma occurred in two horses, one a cross-bred pony and the other a Thoroughbred racehorse. Lesions were limited to wart-like growths in one case and a deep-seated girth gall in the other. In both cases the granules in the affected tissues were similar in pigmentation and structure to those produced by Curvularia geniculata in dogs. Since all the specimens were received in formalin, the causative fungus could not be isolated. These are the first cases of maduromycosis in animals to be recorded in South Africa.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Computer-assisted learning in undergraduate medical teaching.

A programme of computer-assisted learning has been introduced for fifth-year medical students at Glasgow University during the teaching course in general practice. The programme allows students to make decisions on all aspects of patient care, and has the potential for combining a learning situation with an objective evaluation of skills and attitudes. The programme is popular with students and could have considerable potential in medical education.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clearance of indocyanine green as an index of liver function during cyclopropane anaesthesia and induced hypotension.

The rate of decrease in the plasma concentration of indocyanine green (ICG) following a bolus i.v. injection has been studied in two groups of patients before and during anaesthesia. In eight patients anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and oxygen, and who received a neuromuscular blocking drug, induction of anaesthesia was not associated with a significant change in ICG half-life (from 4.59 to 3.85 min) but the subsequent administration of cyclopropane was associated with a statistically significant increase to 5.61 min. In a second group of anaesthetized patients, breathing spontaneously a mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide and halothane, the induction of arterial hypotension with either lumbar extradural block or sodium nitroprusside was not associated with significant changes in ICG half-life.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Plasma lignocaine concentrations following endotracheal spraying with an aerosol.

Plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured in three groups of anaesthetized patients following spraying of the trachea and larynx with a lignocaine 10% aerosol spray. Greater venous plasma concentrations occurred in patients who were paralysed with suxamethonium. A mean plasma concentration of 0.1 mug/ml of lignocaine resulted from each 10 mg of lignocaine used in spontaneously breathing patients, and 0.15 mug/ml in paralysed patients. In individual patients a concentration 50% in excess of the mean value may occur. The use of lignocaine 100 mg as a 10% aerosol spray can be considered safe.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

Cardiovascular effects of labetalol during halothane anaesthesia.

1 The circulatory effects of labetalol 25 mg intravenously in six patients during 1% halothane anaesthesia were studied. 2Labetalol caused a marked decrease in arterial pressure and a consistent but modest (20%) decrease in cardiac output. Heart rate was slowed and stroke volume did not change significantly. Central venous pressure increased and peripheral resistance decreased. 3 Increasing the halothane concentration of 3% led to marked myocardial depression as evidenced by reduced cardiac output and increased central venous pressure with increasing arterial hypotension. 4 Labetalol may be a suitable drug for controlling induced hypotension under general anaesthesia, although high concentrations of halothane should be used with care.

Adult↗