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Biomedical subjects

D B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to D B Scott.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Postoperative analgesia by continuous extradural infusion of bupivacaine and diamorphine.

Three solutions administered by continuous extradural infusion for postoperative analgesia were compared in a randomized, double-blind manner. All patients underwent major abdominal gynaecological surgery and received 0.125% bupivacaine in 0.9% saline, diamorphine in 0.9% saline (0.5 mg in 15 ml) or diamorphine mixed with 0.125% bupivacaine (0.5 mg in 15 ml), at a rate of 15 ml h-1. The bupivacaine-diamorphine mixture provided significantly superior analgesia compared with either bupivacaine or diamorphine alone. No major side effects were encountered.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Continuous extradural infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine for pain relief after lower abdominal surgery.

Twenty women, undergoing lower abdominal surgery, were allocated randomly to receive a continuous extradural infusion of either 0.125% bupivacaine or placebo at a rate of 15 ml h-1. All had received an intra-operative extradural block. Pain scores were recorded at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 and 360 min after surgery. From 150 min onwards there was a significant benefit for those receiving the active drug. Six of nine patients in this group had adequate analgesia over the 6-h study period, while all patients in the placebo group required further pain relief.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Effects of posture and baricity on spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml. A double-blind study.

In four groups of 10 patients, 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml was used in spinal anaesthesia for gynaecological surgery. Group 1 received plain solution in the sitting position, group 2 plain solution in the lateral position, group 3 hyperbaric solution in the sitting position and group 4 hyperbaric solution in the lateral position. All patients were returned to the horizontal supine position, the sitting subjects 2 min after, and the lateral subjects immediately after, spinal injection. In each group the mean height of block was to the mid-thoracic segments, but there was no significant difference between the groups. There was, however, considerable scatter within each group. Posture had some effect on the speed of onset of the analgesia, but no significant effect on the final outcome. The use of 0.5% bupivacaine as a test dose in extradural blockade is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of extradural bupivacaine or i.v. diamorphine on calf blood flow in patients after surgery.

Strain gauge venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure arterial flow, venous capacity and maximum venous outflow in the calves of seven patients undergoing gynaecological surgery. Plethysmography was performed before surgery, before, and for 30 min after, the extradural injection of 0.5% bupivacaine. On the morning after surgery, 0.5% bupivacaine was injected extradurally and plethysmography performed. With regression of the extradural blockade and the re-emergence of pain, analgesia was produced with diamorphine i.v. and plethysmography repeated. Control measurements were also made. Compared with a mean control value of 100% (3.4 ml dl-1 min-1) calf arterial flow increased from 160% to 285% after the preoperative extradural blockade, and from 123% to 191% following the postoperative analgesic extradural blockade, but there was no significant change when pain was relieved after i.v. diamorphine. Mean arterial pressure changed insignificantly after all the injections. No significant changes were measured in venous capacity or maximum venous outflow.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of ethanol on psychomotor performance.

Three separate doses of alcohol (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g kg-1) were given to eight volunteers and compared with the effects of a placebo. The order of administration was randomized and the study performed double-blind. A battery of psychometric tests sensitive to central nervous system depression was repeatedly performed for 3.5 h. Alcohol, even in the highest dose, had little effect on psychomotor performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Biosynthesis and degradation of nodule-specific Rhizobium loti compounds in Lotus nodules.

Two nodule-specific Rhizobium loti compounds were identified in Lotus tenuis and Lotus pedunculatus nodules induced by strain NZP2037. One, a silver nitrate-positive cation called rhizolotine, has been characterized as the riboside of a novel alpha-hydroxyimino acid containing a 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine ring (G. J. Shaw, R. D. Wilson, G. A. Lane, L. D. Kennedy, D. B. Scott, and G. J. Gainsford, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., p. 180-181, 1986), and the other, yellow-1, stains yellow with ninhydrin. Both compounds were degraded by R. loti NZP2037 but not by strains of Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium trifolii, or Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Under the conditions tested neither compound was able to serve as a sole source of C or N for growth of R. loti NZP2037. Rhizolotine and yellow-1 were found in nodules from a range of different legumes inoculated with NZP2037, suggesting that the Rhizobium and not the host plant determines their synthesis. Neither compound was found in nodulelike structures of L. pedunculatus induced by transposon Tn5-induced noninfectious (Inf-) mutants of NZP2037 or in similar structures induced by a transconjugant of NZP2037 containing the symbiotic (Sym) cointegrate plasmid pPN1 of R. trifolii. Both compounds were also absent in the ineffective nodules induced by the bacterial-release-negative (Bar-) mutant, strain PN239. However, both compounds were present in nodules induced by the fixation-negative (Fix-) mutant PN235 and in Fix+ nodules formed by a plasmid-cured derivative of NZP2037. These results would suggest that infection and bacterial release from the infection thread are necessary for nodule (symbiotic) synthesis of these compounds.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Obstetric anaesthetic services in Scotland in 1982.

A recent survey of Scottish obstetric anaesthesia practice revealed that the majority of deliveries take place in the larger hospitals; these also have the highest epidural rates, both for relief of pain in labour and for Caesarean section. However, as epidural blockade is an essential part of modern obstetric practice, it is a matter of concern to achieve an equal standard in the medium-sized hospitals, whilst accepting that special arrangements are required in the very small obstetric hospitals.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1986

Circulatory and respiratory effects of chlormethiazole.

The circulatory and respiratory effects of chlormethiazole were studied in volunteers and patients. The only clinically significant cardiovascular change was an increase in heart rate. However, this is only important if associated with a high arterial pressure in the presence of coronary artery disease. The respiratory effects were not significant.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1986

Chlormethiazole as a sleep cover for regional anaesthesia.

Intravenous chlormethiazole has been used in conjunction with regional anaesthesia to induce sedation in several hundred patients. Advantages of using chlormethiazole include rapid induction and recovery. Disadvantages include nasal irritation.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1986

Chlormethiazole in intensive care.

Patients in the intensive care unit frequently require sedation. The advantages of using an intravenous infusion of chlormethiazole to produce sedation include the rapidity of sedation and recovery, and the lack of cardiovascular effects. Chlormethiazole is contraindicated in patients with hepatic failure or those in whom central nervous system functioning has to be assessed. Provided care is taken, chlormethiazole is a very valuable agent in treating patients in an intensive care unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cardiovascular effects of a chlormethiazole infusion in combination with extradural anaesthesia.

The cardiovascular effects of an infusion of chlormethiazole 30-40 ml min-1 were studied in six patients following an extradural injection of 2% lignocaine. There were small but statistically significant decreases in mean arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection time during the infusion. Increases in the pre-ejection period were noted, but there were no significant changes in cardiac output, stroke volume or heart rate. Patient acceptance was high. It is concluded that sedation with an infusion of chlormethiazole, during surgery carried out under extradural anaesthesia, has no clinically adverse cardiovascular effects.

Adult↗