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Biomedical subjects

D B Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to D B Nelson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis test for immunoglobulin M antibodies to group B coxsackievirus.

A counterimmunoelectrophoresis test was developed for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to group B coxsackievirus (CB) types 1 through 5. The IgM precipitin line could be identified and differentiated from the IgG line by treating sera with 2-mercaptoethanol. Antigen purity was demonstrated by single precipitin lines occurring only to the homologous antigen when tested with type-specific hyperimmune rabbit sera. Serum pairs from 19 of 22 patients with documented CB type 1,3,4, and 5 infections were positive for IgM antibody to the infecting serotype, whereas 2 of 7 pairs from CB type 2 patients were positive. Heterologous IgM antibodies were present in sera from 14 fo 29 CB patients. Of the 14 patients with heterologous IgM antibodies, 12 also had greater than or equal to 4-fold rises in whole serum neutralizing antibody to heterologous serotypes. Only three control sera from 72 patients with coxsackievirus group A, echovirus, or other viral infections had IgM antibody to CB serotypes.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Results of the national surveillance for Guillain-Barré syndrome.

The preliminary results of the national surveillance for Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS) are reported. In the first 6 months of 1978, 327 cases of GBS were reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC). A statistically significant difference was observed between sex-specific attack rates, and a direct correlation also was observed between advancing age and increasing risk of GBS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The return of Boston exanthem. Echovirus 16 infections in 1974.

Although the "Boston exanthem" has been seen rarely over the past 20 years, in the summer of 1974 we identified ten children, aged 1 week to 7 years with echovirus 16 infections. Seven of the children had rashes, and in four, the illness suggested roseola infantum. Five of these children were neonates, all with illnesses severe enough to mimic sepsis. In addition information obtained on echovirus 16 isolations occurring in 1974 elsewhere in the country showed an additional 27 isolations from eight states. It is postulated that more outbreaks of the Boston exanthem or other echovirus 16 illnesses will appear during the next several years, before the virus again "disappears".

Boston↗
PubMed1975

A large food-borne outbreak of hepatitis A. Possible transmission via oropharyngeal secretions.

In Minneapolis, 107 cases of hepatitis A were identified and traced primarily to consumption of cold sandwiches served for lunch in a department store's popular basement restaurant. A sandwich-maker in the restaurant was the index patient. The date of onset of her illness and the dates of food consumption and onset of illness of infrequent restaurant patrons were consistent with accepted periods of infectivity and incubation for hepatitis A. Because the sandwich-maker frequently touched her hands to her mouth when she worked, and because we could not find evidence for fecal, airborne, or other modes of transmission, we believe that she may have contaminated food with infectious oropharyngeal secretions. The secondary attack rate was much lower among household contacts who received immune serum globulin than among those who had not.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1974

Compatibility of trypsin-modified human erythrocytes in the rubella hemagglutination-inhibition test employing three serum treatment procedures.

Results of comparative tests using trypsin-modified human type O erythrocytes and cells from newly hatched chickens with three standard serum treatment methods for rubella hemagglutination-inhibition techniques are reported. The kaolin, heparin-manganous chloride and dextran sulfate-calcium chloride methods could all be used with both cell types. Reproducibility with heparin-manganous chloride and dextran sulfate-calcium chloride was excellent with both cell types. Both methods gave generally higher antibody titers than the kaolin procedure. However, the use of human cells resulted in a more sensitive system than chicken cells with all serum treatment methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Antibody-associated lymphotoxin in acute infection.

Five pediatric patients who were known to be previously healthy acutely developed lymphopenia during various viral or mycoplasma infections. In one case, fatal generalized varicella occurred and in another, severe toxic epidermal necrolysis ensued. To further investigate this phenomenon, a study was done to determine the incidence of and elucidate the pathogenesis of lymphopenia occurring during the acute phase of viral or mycoplasma infections. Acute and convalescent sera from patients with viral or mycoplasma infection and children immunized with live measles virus were screened for lymphocytotoxic activity against normal lymphocytes by the microcytotoxicity method of Terasaki and McClelland (1). Sera with lymphocytotoxic activity were found in 15 of 48 cases of viral infections, 4 of 22 mycoplasma infections, and 1 of 11 measles virus immunized persons. All those who had sera which were cytotoxic to lymphocytes in vitro had lymphopenia. The lymphocytotoxic activity resided in 19S fractions in 8 of 11 positive sera while the remaining 3 had activity both in 19S and 7S fractions and could be completely removed by absorption with antilight chain antiserum. The cytotoxic activities were all complement-dependent and were greater at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. The significance of acute acquired immunologic deficiency due to the development of antibody-associated lymphotoxin (AbAL) during acute infections is discussed and five cases having more severe clinical manifestations are presented (Appendix).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1972

Improved dextran sulfate-calcium chloride method for the removal of nonspecific inhibitors with modifications for nonspecific agglutinin removal in the rubella hemagglutination inhibition test.

The dextran sulfate precipitation method for removal of nonspecific inhibitors from sera to be tested in the rubella hemagglutination-inhibition test was modified by shortening the dextran sulfate-serum mixture incubation period from 2 hr to 30 min. A comparative study using both treatment times showed no significant difference in rubella antibody titers. Reducing the treatment time even further also gave comparable results, indicating the select 30-min incubation period is not marginal for undertreatment. It was shown that 41.5% of the 159 serums tested had nonspecific agglutinins at levels from 1:8 to as high as 1:64. In each specimen, all demonstrable nonspecific agglutinin was removed by adsorption with 10%, 0- to 2-day-old chick red blood cells rather than the usually recommended 50% adult chicken erythrocytes.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1972

Use of trypsin-modified human erythrocytes in rubella hemagglutination-inhibition testing.

A method of treating human erythrocytes with trypsin has been modified and found to be an efficient and practical indicator system for the rubella hemagglutination-inhibition test. Both the trypsin-treated human cells and the widely used, newborn chicken erythrocytes were used in comparative testing of 464 selected diagnostic rubella serums. Results with each cell system were essentially the same. The trypsin treatment procedure has been found to be relatively simple, and with our limited testing has not presented any problems with reproducibility. Other advantages include the ready availability of human cells, greater intralaboratory standardization of the test by using the same donors over a long period of time, and elimination of adsorption of test sera with red blood cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗