Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D B Moffat

Publications and source records attributed to D B Moffat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

A system for accurate immunolocalization of Tamm-Horsfall protein in renal biopsies.

The distribution of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) was studied in the human kidney using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections with a monoclonal antibody specific for human THP applied in conjunction with a modified dinitrophenyl hapten sandwich staining (DHSS) procedure. The method was found to be highly sensitive producing very strong specific staining at antibody dilutions up to 1 in 64 000. Counterstaining with Haematoxylin and Eosin was possible without significant masking of the specific staining. This provided excellent structural definition of the background tissue which proved especially important in the study of THP localization in randomly oriented biopsy material. THP was found in all segments of the thick ascending limbs of loops of Henle, most segments of distal convoluted tubules and occasionally in distended collecting ducts and in the glomerular capsular space. Maculae densae did not contain THP. The combination of the modified DHSS procedure and the human THP specific antibody represents a highly sensitive and reliable method for specific staining of the THP in kidney sections.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of experimental nephrocalcinosis with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor.

Nephrocalcinosis was induced in a group of experimental rats by means of intraperitoneal injections of 10% calcium gluconate. Two further groups of rats were treated with indomethacin and flurbiprofen (Froben) before receiving the i.p. calcium gluconate, to study the effects of prostaglandin inhibition on the process of renal parenchymal calcification. Tissue calcification was studied by means of contact microradiography and histology. Quantitative calcium analysis was by means of energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). There was a marked inhibition of cortical nephrocalcinosis and a significantly reduced calcium concentration (P less than 0.005) in the animals treated with a prostaglandin inhibitor compared with the animals given i.p. calcium gluconate alone. This study suggests that prostaglandins are involved in the process of renal parenchymal calcification and may be aetiologically significant in the pathogenesis of stone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Experimental intrarenal reflux and blood pressure.

The effect on the blood pressure of experimental vesico-ureteric reflux was investigated in adult female Wistar rats. In 6 rats, reflux with isotonic saline produced a transient rise in systemic blood pressure followed by a fall, with return to normal within 2 min (mean BP readings: 121-130-93 mmHg). In 6 rats during water diuresis, reflux with distilled water produced similar changes (114-120-79 mmHg). In 6 rats in which the ureters were divided before reflux, no rise in blood pressure occurred although in 2 of these the pressure showed a marked fall. The pattern of blood pressure changes which occurred as a result of reflux was similar to that produced by a rapid i.v. injection of a corresponding volume of saline and it was concluded that the changes accompanying reflux are due to pyelovenous backflow. This was confirmed by producing reflux with 5% lissamine green which appeared in the peripheral capillaries within 4 s of the reflux in 3 rats. Slow dilatation of the pelvis with saline in 9 rats showed that rupture of the pelvic epithelium occurred at a mean pressure of 99 mmHg.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Tubulo-vascular relationships in the developing kidney.

The postnatal development of the tubulo-vascular relationships in the kidney was studied in 60 rats. The kidney is relatively immature at birth and only the juxtamedullary glomeruli are present. As their loops of Henle develop they grow down into the medulla around the previously developed collecting ducts, forming tubulovascular 'units' around whose periphery the shorter loops of the more peripheral glomeruli grow down. The bundles of vasa recta develop in loose interstitial tissue which lies between the tubulo-vascular units so that the peripheral vessels of the bundles, which are ascending vasa recta, lie in close relationship with the descending short loops of Henle. Thus, the vascular bundles do not form the central axis around which the medullary components develop but rather take up the available space left after the tubulo-vascular units have developed. Development is virtually complete by the fourth week of postnatal life.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The structure of the pelvis in the immature human kidney.

Examination of the renal pelvis of late fetal and neonatal kidneys shows that in about one quarter of the calyces examined the arrangement is similat to that in the rat, the outer medulla being separated from the calyceal cavity by a very thin epithelium. It is suggested that this presents a vulnerable area through which intrarenal damage can occur as a result of vesico-ureteric reflux in the immature kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The role of vesico-ureteric (V-U) reflux in the pathogenesis of kidney scars in the rat.

In Wistar rats V-U reflux with distilled water and sterile saline of varying osmolar strength produces scars in the perihilar region of the kidneys in 80% of animals. Using Indian ink as a marker, rupture of the forniceal epithelium regularly followed V-U reflux. Intrapelvic pressure rose to 120 mm Hg during the reflux procedure. A slowing of proximal tubular transit time was observed by the Lissamine Green technique in the nephrons in the perihilar region immediately after the kidney had been subjected to reflux. It is suggested that the kidney scars which develop after reflux of sterile solutions are ischaemic in origin. It was shown that kidneys damaged by reflux have an increased susceptibility to haematogenous infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The venous drainage of the accessory reproductive organs of the rat with special reference to prostatic metabolism.

The venous drainage of the testis, epididymis, prostate and bladder was studied in live and recently dead rats. New evidence for a previously suggested direct venous connection between the epididymis and the prostate is presented, and a mechanism for blood flow from the deferential vein into the prostatic venous plexus under conditions of raised central venous pressure is described. The studies have also revealed discrepancies among previous reports which might be resolved by a simplified nomenclature.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of changes of water balance on the renal pelvic epithelium of the rat.

The effects of changes of water balance on the renal pelvic epithelium of the rat. The fine structure of the various epithelia which line the renal pelvis was investigated in five hydropenic rats and five rats undergoing a water diuresis. In the former, the thin epithelium which covers the outer medulla showed dilated intercellular spaces and an increased number of cytoplasmic vacuoles whereas the intercellular spaces were tightly closed and there were few vacuoles in the diuretic rats. It was considered that these changes indicate an exchange of water and solute between pelvic urine and the outer since medulla they are similar to those occurring in epithelia elsewhere which are engaged in transport of salt or water. Similar but less marked changes were found in the papillary epithelium. Changes in the transitional epithelium were similar to those which have previously been described elsewhere in the urinary tract.

Animals↗