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Biomedical subjects

D B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to D B Jones.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

What lies ahead for medicine in 1990 and beyond.

Standing on the brink of a new decade, Texas physicians have a lot to look forward to. They also have a lot to worry about. Cancer research may make it possible to intervene in the disease process. At the same time, the Health Care Financing Administration is threatening to tighten its reins on peer review. Expansion of the Medicaid program will assure care for more pregnant women and children. But, the number of uninsured and underinsured is growing. In this article, experts in medical economics, public health, and legislation gaze into the crystal ball and share their vision of the topsy-turvy, partly good-partly bad future.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Differential expression of MHC- and macrophage-associated antigens in human fetal and postnatal small intestine.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies against major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- and monocyte/macrophage-associated antigens was used to compare human fetal and postnatal small intestinal macrophage subpopulations. Cryostat sections were stained using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Within the human fetal intestine from 12 weeks gestation, the antibody KiM8 identified a widespread population of type I accessory cells, which showed variable expression of HLA-DR. In contrast, the antibody 3.9 identified small clusters of HLA-DR- and HLA-DQ-positive lamina propria macrophages, presumably type II accessory cells. Comparison of fetal with postnatal small intestine revealed mainly quantitative changes, with an absolute increase in 3.9-, KiM8-, KiM6-, 10.1- and UCHMI-positive accessory cells in the postnatal intestine. The proportions of both UCHM1- and KiM6-positive cells relative to the KiM8-positive population was also increased postnatally. The villous population of 3.9- and KiM6-positive interdigitating type II macrophages characteristic of the postnatal lamina propria was largely absent from fetal small intestine. The monoclonal antibody 3.9 further reacted with the cytoplasm of ganglion cells and nerve fibres within the nerve plexuses of fetal and postnatal small intestine. The significance of this cross-reactivity remains unclear.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and lymphotoxin production in Hodgkin's disease.

It is likely that the characteristic histologic features of Hodgkin's disease reflect cytokine production by the tumor cell population. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (tumor necrosis factor beta [TNF-beta]) are important inflammatory mediators with wide-ranging effects within the lymphoreticular system. The aim of the present study was to investigate TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin production in the Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines L428 and L540. At the product level, both cytokines could be demonstrated by immunostaining with specific monoclonal antibodies. TNF-alpha could be demonstrated by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in culture supernatants from both cell lines as well as in cell lysates of L428 and L540 cells. Cytotoxic activity could be achieved only in L428 supernatants. This cytotoxic activity could not be blocked by the addition of a polyclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, but was partially inhibited with the monoclonal antibody against lymphotoxin. Synthesis of TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin in both L428 and L540 was confirmed by demonstrating the intracellular-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) using specific cDNA clones in Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization studies with the TNF-alpha cDNA probe gave positive hybridization signals in L428 and in L540. These results demonstrate the transcription, translation, and export of TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin in cultured Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. In addition, results of preliminary experiments are presented in which we demonstrate Reed-Sternberg cells positive for TNF-alpha protein and mRNA in different Hodgkin's disease tissue biopsies, indicating that, at least for TNF-alpha, our cell line data are relevant to the neoplastic population present in Hodgkin's disease tissue.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

An outbreak of nitrogen dioxide-induced respiratory illness among ice hockey players.

During February 1987 an outbreak of nitrogen dioxide-induced respiratory illness occurred among players and spectators of two high school hockey games played at an indoor ice arena in Minnesota. The source of the nitrogen dioxide was the malfunctioning engine of the ice resurfacer. Case patients experienced acute onset of cough, hemoptysis, and/or dyspnea during, or within 48 hours of attending, a hockey game. One hundred sixteen cases were identified among hockey players, cheerleaders, and band members who attended the two games. Members of two hockey teams had spirometry performed at 10 days and 2 months after exposure; no significant compromise in lung function was documented. Nitrogen dioxide exposure in indoor ice arenas may be more common than currently is recognized; only three states require routine monitoring of air quality in ice arenas, and the respiratory symptoms caused by exposure to nitrogen dioxide are nonspecific and easily misdiagnosed.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1989

Acute hydrops in pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.

Three patients had pellucid marginal corneal degeneration complicated by corneal edema. The corneal edema appeared to be a result of a break or detachment of Descemet's membrane as a result of increasing corneal ectasia. The disruption in Descemet's membrane began just above the inferior, crescent-shaped area of stromal thinning. Therapeutic modalities initially included hypertonic solution to determine whether corneal edema would resolve spontaneously, apparently by endothelial migration with healing over the break in Descemet's membrane. One patient required thermokeratoplasty and another penetrating keratoplasty for persistent stromal edema. Acute hydrops can occur with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration by a pathogenesis similar to other noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders such as keratoconus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Antigenic heterogeneity of renal endothelium.

We have identified several antibodies which in immunocytochemical experiments reveal antigenic heterogeneity in renal vascular endothelium. In the renal vascular endothelium, blood group antigen H type II was carried in a sialylated form on an endogalactosidase resistant molecule. The glomerular reactivity was sensitive to digestion by this enzyme. Monoclonal antibodies of the CD 39, CD 14, and CD 11C leucocyte differentiation clusters bind to renal vascular endothelium but not to glomerular capillaries. In fetal kidney, the developing glomerular endothelium has the same phenotype as the remainder of the vascular tree with respect to these markers. There are therefore antigenic differences among renal endothelial cells and these arise during renal organogenesis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Calgranulin expression in inflammatory dermatoses.

We have used monoclonal antibodies to study the expression of calgranulins by keratinocytes in inflammatory dermatoses. Calgranulins are intracellular calcium binding proteins which have inflammatory cytokine activity and are composed of at least two different chains, calgranulin A and B. Antibody CF 145 and CF 557 identify calgranulin A and B, respectively. MAC 387 recognizes a molecule probably containing both calgranulins. Keratinocytes in normal skin did not contain these molecules. The keratinocytes in 52 cases of different inflammatory dermatoses showed expression of both calgranulin chains in lesional but not in non-lesional skin. Keratinocytes in inflammatory dermatoses therefore express an intracellular calcium binding protein which has cytokine activity.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Gliosarcoma: an immunohistochemical study.

Gliosarcomas contain both neuro-ectodermal and mesenchymal elements. Its histogenesis has been much debated and endothelial and adventitial fibroblast origins have been suggested, as has a "histiocytic" origin following the demonstration of antiprotease activity. Eight gliosarcomas have been examined with a panel of ten monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to investigate the origin of the sarcomatous element. Glial fibrillary acid protein expression showed a sharp distinction between gliomatous and sarcomatous tumour components. Contrary to some previous reports factor 8-related antigen and Ulex europeus agglutinin stained vascular luminal endothelium but no tumour cells. Vimentin and fibronectin expression was extensive and confined largely to sarcomatous areas. Desmin and neurofilament protein could not be demonstrated in any of the cases. Numerous cells, particularly in the sarcoma areas, expressed alpha-1-antitrypsin and -chymotrypsin. A proportion of these stained for the monocyte/macrophage marker MAC 387. Four cases focally exhibited a true storiform pattern and this and the immunohistochemical results suggest analogies with the fibrous histiocytomas. These tumours contain reactive histiocytes but are now thought to be derived from fibroblasts or from pluripotent mesenchymal cells in perivascular adventitia. This resembles the pattern exhibited in the sarcomatous component of gliosarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in Hodgkin's disease and Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: dissociation between phenotype and genotype.

We have determined the tumor cell immunophenotype and the rearrangement configuration of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in 39 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), six HD-derived cell lines and 22 cases of Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas (Ki-1-ALC). Rearrangements were observed in 11/39 HD cases, 15/22 Ki-1-ALC, and all cell lines. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was found in five HD cases, one cell line, and one Ki-1-ALC. Both HD and Ki-1-ALC frequently displayed a dissociated genotypic and phenotypic maturation status, i.e. an immature genotype in association with late activation markers. We postulate that the tumor cells in many cases of HD and some cases of Ki-1-ALC may be derived from immature lymphoid cells by a transformation process that superimposes characteristics of mature activated lymphocytes on these cells.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1989

Fulminant hepatic failure.

Most cases of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) are related to viral hepatitis or to drugs and toxins. With improvement in supportive intensive care, the overall survival has increased, but specific forms of temporary hepatic support pending hepatic regeneration have been disappointing. With the widespread availability of orthotopic liver transplantation, this has become a viable option for those patients with FHF who are unlikely to survive with conservative treatment, although patient selection and timing of transplantation still presents a clinical dilemma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial keratitis after radial keratotomy.

The authors identified nine patients with culture-proven keratitis after radial keratotomy (RK). Three patients became infected in the immediate post-operative period, and six patients had delayed-onset keratitis. Gram-negative rods were the predominant pathogens in late-onset keratitis (4 of 6 infections). Gram-positive cocci were implicated in all three postoperative infections. The inferior corneal quadrants were involved in seven of nine patients. Two episodes of late-onset keratitis were associated with contact lens wear. Five of these patients had transverse incisions or greater than eight radial cuts. All six patients regained visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Two additional cases of early-onset and six cases of late-onset keratitis with many features similar to these cases have been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An outbreak of giardiasis in a nursing home with evidence for multiple modes of transmission.

During a 6-w period from 20 April through 7 June 1986, an outbreak of giardiasis occurred in residents and employees of a nursing home and children participating in day care at the nursing home. Eighty-eight cases of giardiasis (defined by presence of clinical symptoms or results of stool examination) were identified from groups associated with the nursing home including 35 in nursing home residents, 15 in children in day care, and 38 in employees (including kitchen staff and child care providers). Multiple modes of transmission of Giardia lamblia, including food-borne and person-to-person transmission, occurred for these groups. Evidence of transmission by food included a significant association between sandwich consumption and illness in nursing home staff (P = .04) and a significant lack of illness among nursing home residents who consumed only a pureed diet (P = .007), where all food items are cooked before serving. The primary case among the food handlers, whose illness began in mid-April, had an infected child in the day care center. Person-to-person transmission is supported by a significant association between illness and physical contact with children from the day care facility through an "adopted grandparent" program (P = .03). This is the first reported outbreak of giardiasis in a nursing home, and these findings have implications for disease control in other facilities that combine child day care and care of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The effect of testosterone replacement on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins.

Ten men with Klinefelter's syndrome were studied to assess the effect of testosterone replacement on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. Measurements taken before the insertion of a testosterone ester implant were compared with those obtained 1 week and 4 weeks later. Mean plasma testosterone, androstenedione, total cholesterol and calculated LDL-cholesterol increased significantly after 1 and 4 weeks. No significant changes were seen in total plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol subfractions 2 and 3 or in apoplipoproteins A-I, A-II or B. A significant correlation was seen between total cholesterol and plasma oestradiol concentrations (Rs = 0.61; P less than 0.001). A significant negative correlation was seen between the concentrations of total testosterone and total triglyceride (Rs = -0.56; P less than 0.005) but not with the other lipid parameters. Testosterone replacement is associated with slight but potentially adverse changes in plasma cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

B-cell markers in the human kidney.

This report describes the reactivity of a panel of 89 monoclonal antibodies with the normal human kidney. The antibodies were all submitted to the B-cell panel of the Third Leukocyte Differentiation Workshop. Several different patterns of staining of renal structures were identified. Most antibodies clustered in defined CD groups showed the same pattern of reactivity in the kidney, but some, notably CD19 antibodies, showed heterogeneity of binding to the kidney. These findings are important for the use of monoclonal antibodies to define phenotype in cell culture and immunohistology experiments.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗