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Biomedical subjects

D B Hawkins

Publications and source records attributed to D B Hawkins.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of signal type on the loudness discomfort level.

Loudness discomfort levels (LDL's) were obtained on 19 normal-hearing subjects with 18 different stimuli using a simple up-down adaptive procedure. The stimuli included five pure tones, five one-third octave bands of noise, five one-third octave bands of filtered multi-talker babble, wide-band noise, spondaic words, and sentences. Results indicated there was no significant difference among the three frequency-specific stimuli. However, a significant frequency effect was found. LDL's for the two speech stimuli and wide-band noise were not significantly different and were similar to values for signals in the 500 to 4000 Hz region. Although differences among mean LDL's for the various signals were quite small, large intrasubject variability among the signal types and across frequency was observed. This fact would seem to preclude the conclusion that equivalent LDL's would be obtained on an individual regardless of the type of stimulus.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interlist equivalency of the CID W-22 word lists presented in quiet and in noise.

The interlist equivalency of the CID W-22 word lists administered in quiet and in a background of noise was investigated using 48 normal-hearing subjects. All four word lists were administered at 20 dB SL in quiet and in the presence of a multitalker babble (0 dB signal-to-noise ratio). In the statistical analyses, word performance and subject performance were used as the dependent measures. The results indicated that: (1) the lists are equivalent when administered in quiet; (2) the lists are not equivalent when administered in a background of multitalker babble; (3) the addition of noise changes the relationship among the word lists in a nonpredictive manner; and (4) the addition of noise changes the level of difficulty of some words of each list to a greater degree, relative to the other words. The results are discussed relative to their implications for hearing evaluation and hearing aid evaluation procedures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngeal stenosis from endotracheal intubation. A review of 58 cases.

During the decade of the 1970s, the Department of Otolaryngology at the Los Angeles County - University of Southern California Medical Center encountered 58 patients who requried tracheotomy for laryngeal stenosis secondary to endotracheal intubation. This included 19 children and 39 adults. We treated 50 of these patients, of whom 35 (70%) were decannulated after endoscopic management alone. One other patient could have been decannulated but needed the tracheotomy for medical reasons. Two other will probably be decannulated in the near future. Eight patients underwent open reconstructive procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flexible laryngoscopy in neonates, infants, and young children.

Flexible laryngoscopy was performed 453 times on 264 patients 4 years of age or younger. Sixty-five percent were under 6 months of age. Stridor was the indication for laryngoscopy in 60% of the patients. Problems secondary to intubation and poor voice each were indications in 12%. The most common finding was laryngomalacia, followed by laryngeal edema, normal larynges, and vocal cord paralysis or paresis. Subglottic stenosis was diagnosed in 17 patients. Flexible laryngoscopy is a relatively noninvasive, safe, and effective technique for examining the larynx of infants and young children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenesis of subglottic stenosis from endotracheal intubation.

Subglottic stenosis is more likely to develop secondary to endotracheal intubation if one or more trauma-related risk factors are involved. Ulcerations occur most often in the posterior-lateral cricoid ring. They vary in size and may involve the entire circumference of the subglottic area. The ulcerations heal with fibrous scarring which, if extensive enough, results in subglottic stenosis.

Glottis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dilation of esophageal strictures: comparative morbidity of antegrade and retrograde methods.

A total of 687 dilations of esophageal strictures were performed on 59 patients in the operating room over a 17-year period. Seventy-nine percent of the strictures were secondary to caustic ingestion and 89% of the dilations were in these patients. Antegrade dilations were performed 389 times and retrograde dilations were performed 298 times. Esophageal perforation occurred seven times with antegrade dilations. There were no perforations with retrograde dilations. The retrograde method using Tucker bougies is the safest and most successful method of dilating severe strictures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute epiglottitis in adults. A review of 48 cases.

Acute epiglottitis was diagnosed infrequently in adults until the late 1960s and early 1970s. Because it is relatively rare, it may present a problem to the physician who sees an adult with sore throat and dysphagia, but does not think of epiglottitis. In this paper, we report our experience with 48 cases of acute epiglottitis in adults between the years 1963 and 1987. A discussion of the diagnosis and treatment of adult epiglottitis is presented. An adult with acute painful dysphagia should be considered to have epiglottitis until the diagnosis is proven otherwise.

Acute Disease↗