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Biomedical subjects

D B Fraser

Publications and source records attributed to D B Fraser.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Optimal radiography of the acutely injured shoulder.

Over ten months, 172 radiographic examinations were performed on acutely injured shoulders, using three views: a) true AP in external rotation b) orthogonal views: 1) supine axial 2) erect 60 degree anterior oblique of all the examinations, 43 were abnormal with a variety of fractures and dislocations. We found the AP view almost twice as effective in detecting any abnormality. Realizing the need for orthogonal views in all shoulder trauma, the axial and anterior oblique were directly compared. Our data indicate that each orthogonal view is of equal value in assessing anterior dislocations and all other injuries. However, the axial projection is a much more difficult study to achieve technically in the acutely injured patient. Thus an examination of the injured shoulder should include two views: an AP in external rotation and a 60 degree anterior oblique. If an axial view can be obtained, it should be added.

Clavicle↗
PubMed1977

Angiography in gastointestinal bleeding.

Over a four-year period, eight patients with documented gastrointestinal bleeding had angiography as a part of their investigation and treatment at the Department of Radiology, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia. A review of these eighty cases has been carried out and angiography has been found to be both safe and reliable in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Cautiously administered intra-arterial pitressin infusion therapy will arrest bleeding in about one-third of cases and in most others will reduce blood loss so that a critically ill patient may be made more fit for subsequent surgery. Patients who have recently received intravenous pitressin should not be given intra-arterial pitressin.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Arteriography in malignant neoplasms of the bowel.

Eighty patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were investigated by angiography over a four-year period. Nine had malignant neoplasms of the bowel. Inconspicuous neovascularity was the most constant finding, best seen in leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Neovascularity was not seen in a patient with reticulum cell sarcoma of colon detected by extravasation. When other studies including endoscopy and barium examinations have failed to explain acute or chronic bleeding, an appreciable number of intestinal neoplasms may be demonstrated by arteriography.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1969

The menopause.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relative buffering capacities of saliva and moist snuff: implications for nicotine absorption.

Commercial moist snuff products are used by placing a portion of tobacco inside the mouth between the inner cheek or lip and gum. Nicotine is absorbed into the blood stream via transfer across various oral membranes including the buccal mucosa (cheek lining). The resulting salivary pH when a given moist snuff product is placed in the mouth is an important factor for nicotine absorption because it will affect the proportion of free base nicotine that is readily available for absorption. The resulting salivary pH for a given moist snuff product will be determined in part by the relative acid-base buffering capacities of the saliva and moist snuff, as well as the pHs of the saliva and moist snuff prior to coming in contact with one another. In the current study, the acid-base buffering capacities (mu eq/g) of a series of commercial moist snuff products were determined and compared to the acid-base buffering capacity for unstimulated, whole human saliva. The buffering capacities of the moist snuff products were determined to be 10-20 times higher than the buffering capacity of human saliva. The resulting salivary pH ranges after contact between an artifical saliva and the various moist snuff products were also determined; the results were used to predict the proportion of free base nicotine that can be expected to occur in the mouth during the first few minutes of product use. These studies provide a basis for examining and understanding the effects that moist snuff product pHs and buffering capacities may be expected to have on nicotine absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional cerebral blood flow during hypercapnia in the anesthetized rabbit.

These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that increases in blood flow to the lower brainstem would be greater than forebrain regions during arterial hypercapnia. Total and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured via the tracer microsphere technique in seven anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits during normocapnia (arterial PCO2 congruent to 40 torr) and hypercapnia (arterial PCO2 congruent to 80 torr). During normocapnia average CBF was 0.77 ml/min/g, and regional measurements of blood flow indicated significantly greater flow to the cerebrum (0.86 ml/min/g) than either the medulla (0.52 ml/min/g) or the pons (0.49 ml/min/g). When arterial PCO2 was increased average CBF increased 113%, and a significant linear regression was calculated for arterial PCO2 vs CBF [CBF (ml/min/g) = 0.028 PCO2 (torr) - 0.502]. The distribution of blood flow within the brain was similar to normocapnia except that blood flow to the cerebellum was now greater than any other brain region (1.97 ml/min/g for the cerebellum compared to 1.66 ml/min/g for the cerebrum). Absolute increases in blood flow to the lower brainstem were equal to or less than other areas of the brain. We conclude that ponto-medullary blood flow does not increase disproportionate to other areas of the brain during hypercapnia, but some redistribution of CBF does occur in that cerebellar blood flow increased significantly more than the cerebrum, medulla, or pons.

Animals↗