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Biomedical subjects

D B Church

Publications and source records attributed to D B Church.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Combined chylothorax, chylopericardium, and cranial vena cava syndrome in a dog with thymoma.

A dog was examined because of anorexia and development of submandibular, sternal, and forelimb edema. Physical examination revealed engorged jugular veins and engorged blood vessels of the conjunctivae and nictitating membranes. Thoracic radiography revealed pleural and pericardial effusions, later identified as chyle. Contrast angiography revealed an intravascular mass, later identified as thymoma, in the cranial vena cava.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative effects of proligestone and megestrol acetate on basal plasma glucose concentrations and cortisol responses to exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone in cats.

Cats were given megestrol acetate (MA, 5 mg once daily for 14 days), subcutaneous proligestone (PRG, 100 mg on two occasions one week apart) or subcutaneous saline (1 ml as for PRG). In cats given saline (n = 6) basal cortical concentrations, cortisol concentrations after adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) administration and fasting blood glucose concentrations did not change significantly during the following seven weeks. Cats given MA (n = 7) developed suppression of basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations and fasting hyperglycaemia during treatment. Effects on cortisol persisted for two weeks after MA dosage ceased. In cats given PRG (n = 7), basal cortisol concentrations were reduced overall, but only three cats had persistently suppressed post-ACTH cortisol concentrations. Adrenal suppression continued for 14 weeks in one of these and for at least 22 weeks in two cats. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were unchanged in PRG-treated cats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

Hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values in greyhounds before and after exercise.

After racing 722 m, 16 Greyhounds were evaluated to determine changes in hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values following exercise. Values were determined before racing (T0), immediately after racing (T1), and 3 hours after racing (T2). Significant changes detected immediately after racing included increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Significant changes in hematologic values included increases in PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Change was not detected in values for monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Other increases included those for plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, lactic acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose. Concentrations of potassium and urea did not change. Measurement of blood-gas and acid-base status revealed significant increases in PaO2 and base deficit, whereas PaCO2, pH, and bicarbonate decreased. Three hours after exercise, all vital signs and blood-gas and acid-base values, except for PaCO2, which was still slightly low, had returned to baseline (T0) values. Most biochemical values had also returned to baseline, although sodium, chloride, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase were still high, and urea was low. Many hematologic values were still different from baseline values, with high values for WBC, neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low values for PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, and lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Levamisole pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in dogs.

Levamisole was given intravenously and orally (with and without food) to six dogs. All dogs reacted adversely to intravenous dosage and one died. For the remaining five, intravenous data fitted a one compartment model with first order elimination and a mean half-time of elimination of 1.8 hours. In fasting dogs drug absorption from the gut was rapid and the mean fraction absorbed (F) was 0.64. When levamisole was given with food, drug bioavailability was impaired, as absorption was slowed and possibly reduced (F = 0.49). The effect of ingesta on bioavailability of levamisole could affect treatment efficacy and side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Effect of various diets on faecal analysis in normal dogs.

Faecal analysis for undigested/unabsorbed food particles and protease activity was performed on multiple samples obtained from four normal dogs each fed four different diets. All four diets, irrespective of the dog, produced a consistent faecal appearance and microscopic findings for undigested/unabsorbed food particles. Cooked and raw minced meat diets produced similar results: stools, which were small, green-brown, firm and glutinous, had little starch, occasional undigested short muscle fibres and moderate amounts of soap. Stools from the dogs on Pal were large, red-brown, solid to semi-solid, and moist; they contained little starch, occasional short undigested muscle fibres and little fat. The Loyal diet produced large, light yellow, dry, friable stools which had variable but usually low starch, no muscle fibres and no fat. Faecal protease activity for the different diets was analysed statistically. Differences in faecal protease activity due to different diets were evident but complicated by differences due to individual dogs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Faecal analysis for maldigestion in pancreatectomised dogs.

Faecal analysis for protease activity and the presence of undigested/unabsorbed food particles was done for four consecutive days on four pancreatectomised dogs fed a commercial complete pet food (Pal). All dogs produced faeces of similar appearance. The stools were bulky, light red-brown, well formed but soft and had a slight rancid odour. Generally, microscopic findings for undigested/unabsorbed food particles were similar. Starch was usually present in large quantities and often visible macroscopically when stained with Lugol's iodine. Undigested muscle fibres ranged from none to four per low powered field. The presence of large numbers of neutral fat droplets was inconsistent in Sudan III A stained faecal smears but Sudan III B stained faecal smears usually contained at least 20 neutral fat droplets with diameters greater than 20 microns per high powered field. Faecal protease activity was consistently low and varied between 0.5 and 2.8 azoalbumin units with the azoprotein method. No protease activity could be detected using the X-ray film gelatin digestion test.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin in man and animals by aminophenylboronic acid affinity chromatography.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) was estimated in normal and diabetic human, rat, and dog hemolysate by m-aminophenylboronic acid (PBA) affinity chromatography and the results compared with the values determined using two ion-exchange (ION-E) methods and a colorimetric thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. There was a good correlation between the values estimated by PBA and both ION-E chromatography methods for the human samples (r = 0.83, P less than 0.0002, r = 0.86, P less than 0.002). In diabetic rat and dog hemolysates, PBA chromatography demonstrated higher glycosylated hemoglobin than in normal hemolysate. In both species, there was an excellent correlation between the PBA-estimated GHb and plasma glucose levels (rat r = 0.79, P less than 0.001; dog r = 0.67, P less than 0.003). The ION-E and TBA methods were not as effective in separating diabetic from normal samples and correlated less well with plasma glucose levels. PBA chromatography relies on the interaction of m-amino phenylboronate with the hydroxyl groups of the glucose residues attached to hemoglobin. It is not affected by intra- or interspecies variations in the hemoglobin moiety and should be adaptable for measurement of GHb in a number of laboratory animals and in patients with hemoglobinopathy. It is not affected significantly by temperature and may offer advantages over the ION-E method in the routine determination of human glycosylated hemoglobin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Postprandial changes in plasma urea and creatinine concentrations in dogs.

Changes in plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were compared in 6 dogs fed 3 meals (cooked meat, raw meat, and a soft-moist preparation) in a crossover fashion. Each meal produced changes in urea and creatinine values. Although increased urea values were seen after all meals, the effects on creatinine were varied; concentrations increased after feeding cooked meat, but decreased after consumption of raw meat or soft-moist food. Although the creatinine changes were less pronounced, the variable effect of diet complicates the interpretation of plasma creatinine concentration in evaluating renal function.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests in the dog.

Glucose and insulin levels were measured at various intervals after oral and intravenous administration of glucose to 12 normal adult crossbred dogs. The pre-test diet, starvation period and time of testing were all standardised. The glucose (1 g/kg) was delivered as a 50 per cent solution for the intravenous test and in a constant volume of 50 ml for the oral test. A two way analysis of variance demonstrated significantly greater variability with the oral test. Because of consistency and ease of parameter calculation, it was thought that the intravenous glucose tolerance test would be more accurate for assessing glucose intolerance. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed under similar conditions on 12 diabetic dogs and the glucose disappearance constants for the normal and diabetic animals compared for various periods. The disparity between normal and diabetic animals was greatest over the 10 to 60 min period (eight samples). Furthermore, when a three sample (10, 20 and 40 min) subset of this period was used a similar difference was obtained. With either the 10 to 60 min period or the 10, 20, 40 min subset, a glucose disappearance value of 2 or less in a dog indicates glucose intolerance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of d,l-ethionine as a mechanism for pancreatic islet regeneration in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether induction of pancreatic necrosis and islet proliferation by d,l-ethionine has potential for treating dogs with beta-cell insufficiency. DESIGN: Eighteen mixed breed dogs of both sexes were given d,l-ethionine at 100 mg/kg three times weekly for 2 weeks; 6 dogs were euthanased at 2, 14 and 28 d after the last dose. METHODS: Clinical signs during administration and recovery were assessed. Routine biochemical analyses were performed before each ethionine dose and then once weekly. Faecal samples were examined weekly for malassimilated nutrients and blood. Blood coagulation screening tests (OSPT and APTT) were determined on four dogs after ethionine administration. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were conducted before the first and after the last ethionine dose and then fortnightly. All dogs were necropsied and pancreas, liver, kidney and jejunum were examined microscopically. RESULTS: During ethionine administration all animals displayed vomiting, inappetence, diarrhoea (often with blood), weight loss and depression. Three dogs were euthanased prematurely due to severe illness, but those allowed to recover were eating and brighter 7 d after cessation of ethionine administration. Serum concentrations of TLI, amylase and lipase increased initially, then decreased, during administration but retumed to normal during recovery. Concentrations of ALT, ALP, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin increased during administration then decreased slowly. Histological examination revealed hepatic lipidosis and necrosis, but no renal or jejunal lesions. In most dogs, faecal examination demonstrated increased undigested starch and muscle, as well as increased digested and undigested fat, during ethionine administration or early during the recovery period, suggesting transient malassimilation. APTT was unchanged but OSPT was prolonged in all dogs. There was no impairment of insulin secretion or glucose intolerance and C-peptide concentrations were unaffected. Immediately after ethionine administration there was delayed insulin degradation and by day 43 there was evidence of increased insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION: d,l-ethionine administration in dogs appeared not to interfere with insulin secretion, but caused clinical signs and laboratory changes indicative of pancreatic exocrine necrosis, severe hepatobiliary disease and transient malassimilation. Pancreatic and hepatic dysfunction was severe but clinical recovery occurred after ethionine administration ceased. The severe side-effects observed with d,l-ethionine should preclude its potential use for treating diabetes mellitus in dogs.

Alanine Transaminase↗