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Biomedical subjects

D Austin

Publications and source records attributed to D Austin.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Phase II study of aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ: NSC-182986) in the treatment of malignant gliomas recurrent after radiation. Preliminary report.

Seventeen patients with malignant gliomas recurrent after chemotherapy and/or radiation failure were treated with aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) at a dose of 20-15 mg/M2 weekly for four weeks followed by a two week rest. Regression of disease was observed in four patients, 4/17 (24%) for 35, 15+, 40+, and 10 weeks. Toxicity was limited to moderate reversible myelosuppression. AZQ in this dose and schedule has limited but definite activity in patients with malignant gliomas progressive after primary radiation therapy failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Brainstem death.

A patient with the clinical picture of brain death resulting from brainstem hemorrhage and subsequent infarction is presented. The EEG showed activity similar to what has been described in the cerveau isolé animal preparations. Cortical evoked potentials were unobtainable from auditory or somatosensory stimulation, but of unusually high amplitude to flash stimuli. The point is made that a diagnosis of brain death cannot be made on clinical grounds alone when a patient is on life support systems, and the differences between cerebral death, brainstem death and brain death are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Association of childhood leukemia with maternal age, birth order, and paternal occupation. A case-control study.

Previous investigations have drawn conflicting conclusions concerning the association between childhood leukemia and maternal age, birth order, socioeconomic status, and paternal occupation. In this study, 255 childhood leukemia cases diagnosed in California between 1975 and 1980 were individually matched with two living controls on the basis of sex, date of birth, and county of birth. Data were derived from subjects' birth certificates. Socioeconomic status and paternal benzene exposure were determined from the paternal occupation stated on the birth certificate. Hispanics and males were overrepresented in the case group. Cases were also less likely to be of birth order one. No difference was found between case and control groups for maternal age or paternal occupation. Analyses with stratification on age, sex, and leukemia cell type are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Design and methods in a multi-center case-control interview study.

We conducted a case-control study in ten areas of the United States in which a total of 2,982 bladder cancer patients and 5,782 population controls were interviewed. We employed a variety of existing and new techniques to reduce bias and to monitor the quality of data collected. We review here many of the design elements and field methods that can be generally applied in epidemiologic studies, particularly multi-center interview studies, and explain the reasons for our selection of the methods, instruments, and procedures used.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Feasibility of identifying high-risk occupations through tumor registries.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a population-based tumor registry to identify occupational groups at high risk of developing cancer. The study group comprised 6,424 union members residing in the San Francisco/Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) who represent six occupations: asbestos workers, bakers, painters, plasterers, plumbers and roofers. Computer linkage of union rosters to the California Tumor Registry (CTR) file identified incident cases of cancer. The CTR's age-sex-year-specific incidence rates were used to calculate the expected number of cancer cases, and estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). The results demonstrate, as expected, increased cancer incidence (SIR = 498) for trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura among asbestos workers, a group widely recognized as having high risk for respiratory cancers, and among painters (SIR = 199). Strengths and weaknesses of such an approach are discussed.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1981

Identification of normal and abnormally rough vowels by spectral noise level measurements.

Our goal in this study was to learn whether vowel spectral noise level (SNL) measurements might differentiate between normal and abnormally rough test vowel samples. The vowel samples studied were obtained originally for two previous investigations. In one study, 20 normal-speaking subjects phonated in isolation each of five test vowels both normally and with simulated abnormal vocal roughness. In the other, 20 subjects who individually presented a laryngeal pathology phonated each of the same test vowels in isolation. The 300 test samples available from the two studies were obtained at one intensity and mouth-to-microphone distance (75 dB SPL at 15 cm). From the original studies, narrow-band (3-Hz) acoustic spectra of the vowel samples and SNL measurements were available. For this study, a mean of 25 noise level measurements per vowel sample served as an SNL index for each test production. Additionally, for this study, the test samples were individually classified dichotomously as normal or as abnormally rough in quality by a panel of nine listeners. Data analysis resulted in the identification of an SNL mean value (termed the SNL "criterion") that appeared to differentiate effectively between the perceptually normal and abnormally rough samples of each test vowel. In general, the findings appeared to support the hypothesis that vowel SNL measurements could be used to identify normal and abnormally rough vowel samples.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Staging Meniere's disease and reporting results in Meniere's disease: symposium panel discussion.

At its recent spring meeting, the American Neurotologic Society devoted a portion of its program to a symposium on staging Meniere's disease and reporting results. One of the problems discussed, was which preoperative audiogram should be used for reporting results of any treatment. I think that it is very important that we, as otologists, try to look at Meniere's disease or any inner ear dysfunction in a more scientific way. Some of you may feel, on initial evaluation of this material, that it is too cumbersome to be practical in your daily clinical work. However, we feel we have put forth a reasonable staging system and method of reporting results that can be quite helpful once the simple routine of using them has become established. The vertigogram, for example, which is designed to be very simple and not require any sophisticated equipment, should be as easy to read as an audiogram. If we try to approach the vagaries of Meniere's disease or any inner ear dysfunction in a more scientific fashion, I am sure that in several years we will be in a much better position collectively to evaluate our results and to help our patients. This type of comprehensive staging system for all of the components in Meniere's disease or any inner ear dysfunction will enable us to objectify diagnoses and treatment results so that they can be easily compared. We have put forth some of the ideas and methods that we think will help us arrive at a consensus for reporting results. We encourage you to try some of the suggestions presented in this article and welcome your comments and ideas for improving this staging system and method for reporting results.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal arteritis mimics TMJ/myofascial pain syndrome.

Dental pathology is definitely the most common cause of orofacial pain. Dentists astutely diagnose and treat the various pathologic dental conditions. The restoration of the masticatory system is usually achieved in a proficient, straightforward and predictable manner. Certain patients' orofacial pains do not have a dental etiology and are refractory to treatment. The protean manifestations of temporal arteritis may present with major pain complaints mimicking dental pathology. A case report of such a patient is presented.

Aged↗