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Biomedical subjects

D Auerbach

Publications and source records attributed to D Auerbach.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical effectiveness of rubella vaccine in a college population.

An outbreak of rash-like illness compatible with rubella occurred among the student population of a large university in Los Angeles between November 1, 1981 and January 31, 1982. A case-control study was conducted in order to estimate the effectiveness of rubella vaccine in preventing clinical rubella in this university population. Immunization and disease histories were obtained from parents and physicians for 39 cases and 86 controls. For those students with a clear documentation of immunization history, only one of 16 cases (6%) had evidence of prior rubella immunization, compared with 40 of 56 controls (71%). This yielded an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 97% (95% confidence limits of 82% to 100%). The level of protection observed for students immunized with rubella vaccine in our study population was high and comparable to that reported in other recent studies. This supports the notion that the current large reservoir of young adult susceptibles is primarily attributable to past failures to vaccinate school-age children, rather than vaccine failures.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Unexplained immunodeficiency in children. A surveillance report.

From Oct 1, 1982, to Oct 1, 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) received reports of 35 children whose illness met the CDC definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All of the children had serious opportunistic infections without a known underlying illness to explain susceptibility to the infections. The 35 children were residents of ten different states; cases clustered in five major metropolitan areas. Three of the children had a parent with AIDS, and one child who had been previously reported had received a blood transfusion from a person in whom AIDS later developed. Most of the children had at least one parent in a population group in which adult AIDS cases have occurred. Many of the children had histories of prodromal symptoms, including pneumonitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and oral thrush. The mean age at onset of illness was 5 months, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12 months. To determine whether opportunistic infection in children without underlying immunodeficiency was truly a new phenomenon, a review of requests to the CDC for the drug pentamidine isethionate was undertaken. This revealed an apparent increase from 1979 to 1983 in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children without known underlying immunodeficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Value of portable real-time ultrasound in the ICU.

A 2-yr retrospective analysis was undertaken of the value of portable real-time sonography on 107 patients in the ICU. A total of 88 abnormal findings were detected in 69 of 107 patients. Of these, 36 were clinically significant as the patients' therapy and clinical courses were modified by the ultrasound findings. In many instances, where the ultrasound findings were negative, this information had, nevertheless, important ramifications to the clinician and was frequently as helpful to him as a positive finding. A 20% yield of unsuspected abnormalities was also found, some of which were clinically significant and warranted specific action. We believe that the portable real-time ultrasound examination is, indeed, a valuable diagnostic tool to the ICU clinician and is most likely underutilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Steriod therapy for pneumonitis induced in rabbits by aspiration of foodstuff.

The instillation of gastric contents, 0.5 ml/kg (pH 4.3), containing small food particles into the left diaphragmatic lobe of the lungs of 49 rabbits caused severe aspiration pneumonitis. Administration of methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly, every eight hours for three days to 26 of the 49 rabbits did not alter the rate of roentgenographic resolution of the pneumonitis. Corticosteroids did decrease the fibroblastic response of the lung to the aspirate, but also interfered with healing of granulomatous lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A new oxygen cannula system using intermittent-demand nasal flow.

A new cannula with a system of intermittent nasal flow was evaluated and compared with a standard constant-flow nasal cannula in 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The intermittent-demand cannula released oxygen only when a negative pressure was detected in the nose (negative mode) or when a a positive pressure ceased to be detected in the nose (positive mode). At rates of flow varying from 0.63 to 5.60 L/min, the continuous-flow mode used 9 percent more oxygen than the negative mode and 31 percent more oxygen than the positive mode to achieve comparable improvement in arterial oxygen tension. The system using the intermittent-demand cannula was sensitive and reliable in over 150 hours of testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Immune-complex glomerulonephritis in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease.

Renal involvement and hypocomplementemia in mixed connective tissue disease are reported to be rare. A patient is described here with mixed connective tissue disease and persistently low serum C'3 levels in whom renal insufficiency and nephrotic syndrome developed secondary to immune-complex glomerulonephritis. Light microscopy of the renal biopsy specimen showed predominantly a membranous lesion. Immunofluorescent staining showed granular deposition along the basement membrane of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, fibrinogen and C3. Electron microscopy showed numerous electron-dense deposits along the glomerular capillary membrane and in the mesangium.

Adult↗