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Biomedical subjects

D Armstrong

Publications and source records attributed to D Armstrong.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Invasive aspergillosis with massive fatal hemoptysis in patients with neoplastic disease.

Two patients had fatal episodes of massive hemoptysis secondary to invasive aspergillosis, complicating in one with acute leukemia and in the other with lung carcinoma. Review of the literature reveals that these cases are among the very few in which invasive aspergillosis has been documented as the etiology of massive hemoptysis in cancer patients. Both patients had been previously treated with corticosteroids and/or other immunosuppressive agents. In one of the two patients, the diagnosis was made ante mortem and antifungal therapy instituted, but dissemination progressed despite treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the retina and the pigment epithelium in hereditary canine ceroid lipofuscinosis. III. Morphologic abnormalities in retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells.

Studies of the retina in 6- and 22-month-old English setters with progressive blindness, ataxia, and muscle weakness demonstrated a marked accumulation of abnormal cytosomes within neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Ganglion cells contained abundant cytosomes with evenly spaced stacks of membranes; bipolar and amacrine cell cytosomes consisted of dense, amorphous material with closely spaced configurations of light and dark lines; cytosomes within photoreceptor cells contained faintly staining curved profiles. All three cytosomes resembled those previously reported in brain neurons of CCL dogs. In retinal pigmented epithelial cells, there were prominent accumulations of lamellar fragments, either free in the cytoplasm or incorporated into melanin granules. These retinal abnormalities are likely to be related to deficiences of peroxidase and defects of lipid peroxidation. The pathologic and biochemical changes seen in these dogs are similar in many respects to those reported in human patients with Batten disease. As such, these dogs provide a convenient model for the study disease mechanisms and for therapeutic approaches to blindness in Batten disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Rickettsialpox. Case report and epidemiologic review.

In recent years, rickettsialpox was infrequently reported: one case per year was recorded by the Public Health Service during the past 15 years. We observed a case of rickettsialpox in New York City and reviewed the clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic features. Records of the New York City Health Department showed that serum samples from only six patients were submitted for serological testing for rickettsialpox during the past ten years, suggesting that although the disease is uncommon now, clinicians may be failing to recognize and diagnose rickettsialpox, as it may occur more frequently than is presently recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Candidiasis: detection by gas-liquid chromatography of D-arabinitol, a fungal metabolite, in human serum.

D-Arabinitol was identified as a major metabolite of Candida species in human subjects. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentration of D-arabinitol in serum. The study included subjects who were healthy and cancer patients who had proven invasive candidiasis or were colonized with Candida. D-Arabinitol concentrations greater than 1.0 microgram per milliliter were found in serum from patients with invasive infection. This technique may prove valuable in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

Arabinose↗
PubMed1979

Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients. Prospective study of 80 cases.

Over a two year period, we studied prospectively 80 cases of diffuse pneumonia at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. In 72 per cent of these, the patient had leukemia or lymphoma. Diagnostic procedures consisted of extensive serologic testing for antibody to known respiratory pathogens, including the agent of Legionnaire's disease, and culturing of biopsy specimens for bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas and fungi. Of 44 cases in which open lung biopsy was performed, a specific cause was found in 61.4 per cent: Pneumocystis carinii in 38.6 per cent, other infections in 9.1 per cent and tumor involvement in 13.7 per cent. There were nonspecific pulmonary changes in 38.6 per cent. Of the 56 cases in which biopsy, autopsy or both were performed, a specific diagnosis was made in 69.7 per cent: P. carinii infection in 37.5 per cent and other infections in 12.5 per cent. In cases in which neither biopsy nor autopsy was performed, a specific infection was diagnosed in 33 per cent; no specific diagnosis was made in the remainder. One patient in the entire group had a significant antibody titer for Legionnaire's disease. Although diagnostic in some cases, extensive serologic testing proved relatively unfruitful. Pneumocystosis was the most frequent diagnosis in this study. The cause of some cases remained obscure, even after lung biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Old subependymal necrosis and hemorrhage in the prematurely born infants.

Old subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) and old subependymal necrosis (SEN) were found in 18 (23%) and 14 (19%) cases respectively out of a total of 78 prematurely born infants who survived more than 3 weeks. Most of the lesions were recognized in the region of th stria terminalis. A nonhemorrhagic infarct (SEN) might occur at the stria terminalis in the perinatal period of the premature infant, following focal ischemia or hypoxia, and on occasion predispose to the production of subependymal hemorrhage in impaired cerebral vascular autoregulation.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary microadenoma and primary lymphoma of brain associated with hypothalamic invasion.

A case of primary histiocytic lymphoma involving the left temporal lobe and hypothalamus is presented. This lesion was associated with a pituitary microadenoma shown immunohistochemically to contain prolactin and with lactational changes in the breasts. The interruption by the neoplasm of neural pathways from cells producing prolactin inhibitory factor in the hypothalamus and increased production of prolactin by the pituitary are suggested as the probable mechanism. The association of lactational changes in the breasts with primary lymphoma of the brain has not been reported.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Pneumonia caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae complicating chronic lymphatic leukemia.

A case of pneumonia caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae is described in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The species of Cunninghamella, a genus in the order Mucorales, are characterized by the formation of conidia on the surface of an inflated conidiophore (vesicle). C. bertholletiae, not C. elegans, is the most appropriate name for this fungus. This zygomycete was resistant by in vitro sensitivity testing to amphotericin B. The source of the infection is not known.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Hemispherectomy for Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Patients with Sturge-Weber disease who have the onset of seizures in infancy invariably face a progressively downhill course which leaves them severely hemiplegic, demented and usually institutionalized because of uncontrolled seizures. During the past 12 years, we have carried out 6 hemispherectomies in infants under 1 year of age who presented with seizures and Sturge-Weber disease. The results have been gratifying. Seizures have stopped, hemipareses have been minimal and intellectual development has been good.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1979

Dementia, renal failure, and brain aluminum.

Dialysis dementia is a progressive and usually fatal neurologic syndrome occurring in patients on chronic hemodialysis. These patients may also have elevated levels of aluminum (Al+3) in the cerebral cortex. Possible relations between brain Al+3, increased Al+3 intake, and dementia were evaluated. Studies were done in seven groups of patients and five groups of experimental animals. In both normal dogs and rats and those with renal failure, oral Al+3 loading (Al[OH]3), resulted in significant increases of brain Al+3 (P less than 0.01). In patients with renal failure, who were neither demented nor treated with dialysis, brain Al+3 was more than seven times normal (P less than 0.01), whereas in patients with dialysis dementia, mean brain Al+3 was more than 15 times normal. However, the two groups were not significantly different. Brain Al+3 was also significantly elevated in patients who had either metastatic cancer or hepatic coma. Apparently brain Al+3 can be elevated as a consequence of Al+3 loading, renal failure, and abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier. It is most likely that dialysis dementia has multifactoral causation and is probably not caused by elevated brain content of Al+3 alone.

Acute Kidney Injury↗