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Biomedical subjects

D Antonelli

Publications and source records attributed to D Antonelli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Functional demands on the stance limb in walking.

In normal human locomotion, the lower extremities must maintain the erect posture while at the same time permitting forward progression of the body. Walking involves a complex interplay of gravity, momentum changes, and muscle action. A quantitative analysis of the effects of gravity and momentum changes on the stance limb in normal gait has been performed. These effects, represented by the ground reaction force, impose challenges to the muscles of the lower extremity. The nature of the torques about the hip, knee, and ankle joints has been investigated and correlated with the timing of muscle action throughout the gait cycle. Mechanical events in the earliest part of stance phase have been more clearly described than in previous work. Analysis of the effects of gravity and momentum changes improves our understanding of the mechanics of normal walking, and can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disabled patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The diagnosis and early complications of right ventricular infarction.

Studies of pathology have shown that involvement of the right ventricle (RV) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is relatively common. Our experience in the noninvasive diagnosis of RVAMI and its early prognosis is presented. Sixty patients with AMI were prospectively studied: 40 patients with inferior AMI and 20 patients with anterior AMI. The evaluation was made by: (1) CLINICAL FINDINGS: hypotension, congestive heart failure, sinus bradycardia less than 40/min, dysrhythmia, and conduction disturbances; (2) ECG record including precordial lead (V4R); (3) Radioisotope heart scintigraphy: 99mTc-PYP infarct scintigraphy and multigated acquisition MUGA blood pool scanning. Of the 40 patients diagnosed as having inferior AMI, 20 cases (50%) were found to be associated with RVAMI. All of them were diagnosed by positive radionuclide studies, and 17 (85%) also demonstrated a ST segment elevation of 0.1 mV, and pathological Q waves in the V4R lead. The ejection fraction (EF) of RV was found to be significantly decreased in patients with RVAMI compared with the other group (mean, 27% versus 57%). Among the 20 patients with RVAMI, 16 (80%) showed various complications during the hospitalization period, versus 9 patients (45%) from the group with inferior AMI. The most common complication in RVAMI patients was conduction disturbances (7 of 20 versus 2 of 20 patients). The clinical and prognostic importance of the early diagnosis of RVAMI is stressed.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1984

The noninvasive diagnosis of isolated right ventricular infarction.

A rare case of isolated right ventricular infarction (RVI) is described. The lack of clinical and electrocardiographic findings characteristic of isolated RVI makes this pathology a diagnostic challenge. The role of the radionuclide scintigraphic procedures as a single possible tool for the diagnosis of isolated RVI is emphasized.

Diphosphates↗
PubMed1984

Isolated right ventricular infarction: a diagnostic challenge.

Right ventricular involvement during myocardial infarction of the diaphragmatic and posterior wall of the left ventricle is not an infrequent complication, but isolated right ventricular infarction is rare. We report a case of rupture of the anterior wall of right ventricle and tamponade due to infarction at this site. The lack of characteristic clinical and electrocardiographic findings made the isolated right ventricular infarction a diagnostic challenge.

Cardiac Tamponade↗
PubMed1983

Initial clinical trials of the subrenal capsule assay as a predictor of tumor response to chemotherapy.

Retrospective and prospective clinical trials were performed to determine the usefulness of the 6-day subrenal capsule (SRC) assay for the prediction of response to chemotherapy. Evaluable assays were obtained in 86% of 1000 consecutive specimens obtained from a variety of solid malignancies. Analysis of chemotherapeutic sensitivity in this assay gave reproducible and consistent results. The overall predictive accuracy of the assay in 62 retrospective clinical trials in 55 patients was 85%. Of 37 evaluable patients with chemotherapy refractory cancers treated in a prospective trial with single agent chemotherapy as determined by the assay, 14 (38%) responded. Greater degrees of tumor regression in the assay were associated with a higher probability of clinical response. The SRC assay shows potential value as a rapid predictive test for chemotherapeutic selection on an individual patient basis. However, additional prospective clinical trials are necessary to document its ultimate utility.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Timing and relative intensity of hip extensor and abductor muscle action during level and stair ambulation. An EMG study.

The timing and relative intensity of electromyographic activity of hip abductor and extensor muscles were recorded during free and fast velocity walking and during ascent and descent of stairs. Eleven healthy subjects were tested using fine wire electrodes to record the electromyographic activity. Data were quantified by normalizing all electromyographic activity during gait with electromyographic activity occurring during a sustained maximum isometric effort resisted either manually or with a dynamometer. The results indicated that the hip extensor muscles had different phasic patterns and moments of peak activity. During level walking, the semimembranosus and long head of the biceps femoris muscles displayed the greatest swing phase activity (beginning in mid-swing). The adductor magnus muscle followed with its onset in terminal swing. Both this muscle and the gluteus maximus were the principal hip extensors active during the loading response. For ascending stairs, the lower portion of the gluteus maximus muscle proved to be the main hip extensor during the loading response and mid-stance. The findings also showed that the upper portion of the gluteus maximus muscle functioned more like the gluteus medius muscle than the lower portion of the gluteus maximus muscle during both level and stair walking.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of cardiogenic shock with nitroglycerin infusion and high-frequency positive pressure ventilation.

A patient with chronic obstructive lung disease developed severe cardiopulmonary failure following acute myocardial infarction. High frequency positive pressure ventilation achieved good ventilation. The hemodynamic status was markedly improved when, in addition to dopamine, nitroglycerin was infused into the pulmonary artery. Within 24 h the cardiac index increased, and mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased more slowly than the pulmonary artery pressure and to a lesser extent. This critically ill patient responded very well to the treatment and was discharged in good health after 18 days in the General Intensive Care Unit. Intravenous nitroglycerin is a promising drug for the treatment of severe cardiopulmonary emergencies and should be tried in patients with chronic lung disease and acute cardiac or respiratory failure.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1981

[Early cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil].

A bolus of 1000 mg of 5-FU intravenously was given to a 54-year-old patient with adenocarcinoma of colon, a month after hemicolectomy. He had not received irradiation therapy. Five hours later he complained of severe chest pain; after 24 hours ecg. changes of pericarditis were seen and on heart auscultation a pericardial friction rub was heard. After 6 day the ecg. returned to the pattern of that on day of admission to the ICCU. Two further injections of 1000 mg of 5-FU were also followed by severe precordial pain and the same ecg. pattern. The pulmonary edema 14 hours after the second injection and the slight elevation of CPK value after the third injection strongly suggest myocardial cell damage. For the strictly temporal relationship between the clinical and electrocardiographic pattern with 5-FU administration intravenously, we are of the opinion that the perimyocarditis was due to the direct toxic action of 5-FU on pericardium and myocardium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[Diagnostic value of serum myoglobin].

Radioimmunological determination of serum myoglobin in 115 patients is reported. Frankly pathological values were noted in 45/55 subjects with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct, whereas 7 displayed only a slight rise, and the remaining 3 proved to be false negatives. Pathological values were observed only 2 hr after the commencement of pain, with maxima after 6-20 hr (mean 10 hr). Values returned tonormal 37 hr after the onset of pain. In patients with angina pectoris, myocardial ischaemia, and pulmonary oedema not due to acute infarct, there was only a slight increase in serum levels, while pathological values were never noted in patients with precordial pain of non-cardiac origin.

Acute Disease↗