Studies with 4-chloromethylbiphenyl in P388 cells selected in 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
D Anderson
Publications and source records attributed to D Anderson.
Study of the amniotic fluid from smokers and non-smokers in the Ames test.
Amniotic fluid from smokers and non-smokers was tested by the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Concentrated amniotic fluid from heavy smokers at term showed an increase in the number of revertants with increasing exposure to tar. However, some of the non-smokers had a higher number of revertants than the smokers. No significant differences were found between second-trimester samples from smokers and non-smokers, but the limited volumes available at this stage of pregnancy may be a source of error.
Adult↗
Mutagenic effect of amniotic fluid from smoking women at term.
Concentrated term amniotic fluid samples from 44 women smokers and 44 controls were investigated with respect to mutagenic effect in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test, using tester strains TA98 and TA100. Tests with freeze-dried specimens of term amniotic fluid showed increases in the number of revertant colonies over background values, regardless of smoking status. However, samples from heavy smokers produced a higher number of revertants than did samples from nonsmokers in several experiments with tester strain TA98. The increase was statistically significant, using either total tar content or number of cigarettes smoked to identify heavy smokers. Experimental series with tester strain TA100 also resulted in higher group means for heavy smokers than for nonsmokers, but the difference was not statistically significant with the concentrations used in this assay. We conclude that heavy smokers may expose their unborn children to mutagenic substances.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Influence of phagocyte-derived active oxygen species in tissue responses to tumour promoters and irritants.
In response to stimuli such as irritant chemicals, inorganic particles or micro-organisms, phagocytic cells produce a variety of chemical species including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These reactive oxygen species are cytotoxic and genotoxic to cultured cells and may be responsible for some of the tissue damage associated with inflammation in vivo. The role of phagocyte-derived oxygen radicals in the effects of irritants, tumour promoters and carcinogenic inorganic materials has been explored using mixed cultures of phagocytes and fibroblasts. Catalase-inhibitable cytotoxicity and genetic damage were demonstrated in fibroblasts exposed to neutrophils stimulated with the irritant and tumour promoter phorbol myristate acetate or with zymosan particles. To investigate this phenomenon further, other cell systems have been developed, using epidermal keratinocytes or mesothelial cells in combination with neutrophils or macrophages.
Animals↗
Effects of the nitrosopeptide N-(N-acetyl-L-prolyl)-N-nitrosoglycine on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the host-mediated assay in mice.
The N-nitrosopeptide N-(N-acetyl-L-prolyl)-N-nitrosoglycine (APNG) was examined for mutagenicity in the mouse host-mediated assay using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. Administration of APNG orally or as a single ip injection was shown to produce an increase in revertants. This study provides the first evidence that APNG is absorbed after oral administration in mice and demonstrates that the mutagenic product of APNG is short-lived in vivo.
Animals↗
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with CT scan findings: a case report.
A case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a diabetic patient is presented. The radiologic findings of the disease with differential diagnosis are reviewed. Almost complete cure with surgical excision and Amphotericin B was accomplished.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Role of RNA in bacteriophage phi 29 DNA packaging.
A novel bacteriophage phi 29 RNA of 174 nucleotides is essential for the in vitro packaging of the DNA-terminal protein complex into proheads. The RNA, bound to the prohead portal vertex (connector), participates in assembly and function of the DNA translocating ATPase and in recognition of the DNA left-end during the course of the packaging reaction. The RNA is present in related phages and varies widely in primary sequence, but its secondary structure, as deduced by phylogenetic analysis, is both highly conserved and unique among small RNAs.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
The relationship of ambulation in labor to operative delivery.
An abbreviated version of the Nurse-Midwifery Clinical Data Set was used to gather data on all women (n = 3,049) who began intrapartum care with a nurse-midwife in three sites. Demographic information, intrapartum care, and outcomes were recorded. The association of ambulation in labor with operative delivery was examined in a low-risk sample (n = 1,678) of women who did not receive care measures (epidural anesthesia, oxytocin induction or augmentation) that preclude mobility in labor. Women who ambulated for a significant amount of time during labor (compared with those who did not ambulate) had half the rate of operative delivery (2.7% vs. 5.5%).
Case-Control Studies↗
EVA worksite analysis--use of computer analysis for EVA operations development and execution.
To sustain the rate of extravehicular activity (EVA) required to assemble and maintain the International Space Station, we must enhance our ability to plan, train for, and execute EVAs. An underlying analysis capability has been developed to ensure EVA access to all external worksites as a starting point for ground training, to generate information needed for on-orbit training, and to react quickly to develop contingency EVA plans, techniques, and procedures. This paper describes the use of computer-based EVA worksite analysis techniques for EVA worksite design. EVA worksite analysis has been used to design 80% of EVA worksites on the U.S. portion of the International Space Station. With the launch of the first U.S. element of the station, EVA worksite analysis is being developed further to support real-time analysis of unplanned EVA operations. This paper describes this development and deployment of EVA worksite analysis for International Space Station (ISS) mission support.
Astronauts↗
The effects of S9 mix from rat oesophagus, salivary gland, and liver on the mutagenicity of the rat oesophageal carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylaniline in the Salmonella typhimurium assay.
The present study examines the feasibility of using the Salmonella typhimurium plate-incorporation assay of Ames for detecting target-organ specificity with N-nitroso-N-methylaniline (NMA), a compound for which the target site for tumour formation in the rat is the oesophagus. Thus it was anticipated that the oesophagus would bioactivate this compound. The compound has been investigated using S9 from Aroclor- and NMA-induced rat oesophagus, salivary gland and liver in the presence and absence of the co-mutagen, norharman. No response to NMA was seen with oesophageal S9 even though benzo[a]pyrene produced a dose-related increase in revertants in strain TA98 and TA100. No response to NMA was seen with salivary-gland S9. However, a response was produced with Aroclor-induced rat-liver S9 in the presence of norharman and with NMA-induced rat-liver S9 in the absence of norharman.
Animals↗
Comparative in vitro and in vivo effects of antioxidants.
We have investigated the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a wide variety of systems, both in vitro and in vivo, with particular attention to their genetic effects. Some of the results of these studies, as they relate to the protective effects of antioxidants, are discussed.
Animals↗
The road to freedom: ending violence against women.
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Australia↗
Robotic technology in health care settings. The goal--increased productivity. Part I. Overview.
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Automation↗
A method for the detection of protein-bound mutagens in food.
To investigate the possible presence of protein-bound mutagens in food an analytical procedure has been devised in which the sample is enzymically hydrolysed, fractionated by HPLC and examined by a modified liquid incubation Ames assay. To validate the method MeIQx was added, as a model compound, to beefburger and a recovery of 82% obtained. The limit of detection for protein-bound mutagens was 1 microgram/kg, expressed as equivalents of MeIQx. No detectable mutagenicity was observed when the procedure was applied to samples of well cooked beefburger, irradiated chicken or mycoprotein.
Animals↗
Permeation of substituted silanes and siloxanes through selected gloves and protective clothing.
Testing of the permeation resistance of eight glove and suit barriers against commercially available substituted silanes and siloxanes was performed using the ASTM F739-96 standard test method. In addition to barrier performance to the pure organosilanes, the permeation rates of the hydrolysis product (usually ethanol or methanol) were investigated. The silanes and siloxanes used as the challenge agents were N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; ethyltriacetoxysilane; 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane; hexamethyldisiloxane; 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; methyltriacetoxysilane (50%)/ethyltriacetoxysilane (50%); methyltrimethoxysilane; methyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane; phenyltrimethoxysilane; polydimethyl siloxanes (PS 340); octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4); tetraethoxysilane; tetramethoxysilane; 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl disiloxane; triethoxysilane; trimethoxysilane; vinyltrimethoxysilane; and vinyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane. Protective gloves tested were nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, butyl rubber, 4H laminate, and polyvinyl chloride. Garments tested included Tyvek/Saranex 23P, CPF 2, and Responder, all made by Kappler Safety Group. In all cases the protective suit materials lasted 8 hours or more. The only glove that lasted 8 hours against all chemicals was the 4H laminate. The polyvinyl chloride glove lasted 10 min to 8 hours or more depending on the chemical. The nitrile, neoprene, and butyl rubber gloves lasted from 53 min to 8 hours or more depending on the chemical. The alcohol permeation was similar to the organosilicon compounds. The suit materials and the butyl glove all lasted more than 8 hours for both methanol and ethanol.
Ethanol↗
Leukocytospermia in male infertility patients in China.
Recent studies have revealed a high prevalence of leukocytospermia (> 1 x 10(6) white blood cells ml-1 semen) in male infertility patients in the USA and certain European countries, and have implicated white blood cells as a cause of infertility. Since leukocytospermia may often be attributed to male genital-tract infections, its prevalence could vary widely in different populations depending on factors such as sexual practices and the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens. In the study described here the incidence of leukocytospermia was determined in a group of 101 male infertility patients and a small reference group of normal fertile men in Beijing, China. Seminal white blood cells (WBC) and WBC sub-populations were enumerated by peroxidase staining and immunohistological assay. Eight out of 101 (7.9%) samples from infertility patients and 0/10 samples from fertile donors were leukocytospermic. The incidence of leukocytospermia in the Chinese infertility patients was considerably lower than the 23% incidence observed in a recent study of infertility patients in the USA using a similar technique. All but one of the patients with leukocytospermia had a poor sperm count and/or poor sperm motility. However, due to the low incidence of leukocytospermia and the small number of patients in this group, a statistically significant association between leukocytospermia and poor semen quality was not attained. The simple peroxidase test correlated well with the more expensive and technically demanding immunohistological assay for detection of white blood cells in semen.
Adult↗
Alcohol, hypertension, and stroke.
The authors compared the drinking habits of stroke patients and controls who were matched for the variables of age, sex, race, and day of the week admitted to the hospital. Rates of alcoholism were similar in the two groups. However, stroke patients were more likely to be current drinkers than controls, and were more likely to have been drinking within 24 hr of admission to the hospital, most of them rather heavily. Among the stroke patients, alcoholism was associated with hypertension, with being a current drinker, and with drinking at index, i.e., within 24 hr of the first symptoms of stroke. Of those stroke patients who were drinking at index, there were significant associations with being black, alcoholic, and hypertensive. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Adult↗
Dosimetry of very-small (5-10 mm) and small (12.5-40 mm) diameter cones and dose verification for radiosurgery with 6-MV X-ray beams.
The dosimetry and dose verification for 6-MV X-rays were performed for radiosurgery cones of 5- to 40-mm diameter. The total scatter factors decrease slowly from 0.936 (40-mm cone) to 0.893 (10-mm cone; a variation of 5%), but they fall to 0.83 (7.5-mm cone) and 0.67 (5-mm cone). The dmax increases from about 12.9 (5-mm cone) to 16.3 mm (40-mm cone). The full width half maximum (FWHMs) of the beam profiles, measured at 5 cm depth, agree with the cone diameters within 1 mm. The 10-90% beam penumbra/FWHM ratio is 0.23 +/- 0.03 (> or = 20-mm cones); for the smaller-diameter cones this ratio increases reaching 0.84 (5-mm cone). New tissue maximum ratios (TMRs) are reported for the 5-, 7.5-, 32.5-, and 37.5-mm-diameter cones. TMRs for the other diameter cones are consistent with published data. The measured doses in two verification studies using the 12 cones with diameters > or = 12.5 mm with a single 360 degrees arc agreed to 2% with the planned doses, and to about 10% for the three smaller cones. In a simulated treatment neglecting tissue heterogeneties (skull bone), the measured doses for two five arc studies (22.5-mm cone) were within 4% of the calculated dose to isocenter.
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗