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Biomedical subjects

D Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to D Anderson.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Dominant lethal studies with paraquat and diquat in male CD-1 mice.

The herbicides paraquat and diquat were tested for dominant lethal activity in male CD-1 mice. No mutagenic effects were detected on any stage of spermatogenesis in treated males if these compounds were administered orally up to 4 mg paraquat/kg/body weight/day of 10 mg diquat/kg/body weight/day for 5 days. There was no increase in the number of post-implantation losses as shown by the number of females with one or more early deaths or number of early deaths/pregnancy or the number of early deaths/total implants/pragnancy. There was no evidence of pre-implantation losses as indicated by the total implants/pregnant female. There was no anti-fertility effect on the treated males as measured by the pregnancy frequency or successful mating frequency. The lack of dominant lethal effect was not due to particular insensitivity of the animals used since such effects were amply demonstrated in mice doses orally on 5 days with ethyl methanesulphonate at 100 mg/kg/body weight/day, or intraperitoneally on one day with cyclophosphamide at 200 mg/kg/body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Vinyl chloride: dominant lethal studies in male CD-1 mice.

The mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride (VC) at three exposure levels was assessed in fertile male CD-1 mice with the dominant lethal test. Male mice were exposured by inhalation to VC at 3000, 10,000 and 30,000 ppm for 6 h a day for 5 days. By comparison with control males exposed to air, no mutagenic effects on any maturation stage of spermatogeneisis in treated males were detected. There was no significant increase in the number of post-implantational early foetal deaths as shown by the number of females with one or more early deaths or number of early deaths/pregnancy or the number of early deaths/total implants/pregnancy. There was no evidence of pre-implantational egg losses as indicated by the total implants/pregnant female. There was also no reduction in fertility. The lack of effect was not due to the insensitivity of the system used since a dominant lethal effect was clearly demonstated in male mice dosed i.p. with cyclophosphamide (CTX) at 200 mg/kg body weight and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) orally at 200 mg/kg body weight once a day for 5 days. During dosing these animals were housed under dimilar exposure conditions to those animals exposed to the test substances but with a flow of air through the exposure chambers. Thus vinyl chloride is not mutagenic in the mouse at the stated exposure levels as measured by the dominant lethal test.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Effects of early severe malnutrition on heart and skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase.

Following weaning, rats from litter sizes of 15 to 20 were subjected to severe food restriction for 10 weeks, and compared to rats from litter size 5 fed ad libitum. Percent M (muscle type) lactate dehydrogenase, M and H (heart type) subunit activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity (per g wet weight) determined both electrophoretically and spectrophotometrically were all significantly lower in separated left and right ventricles of the malnourished rats. There were no differences in skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity. Following 5 weeks of ad libitum feeding, the previously malnourished rats showed large increases in body weight. Now only the right ventricle showed slight decreases in H subunit and lactate dehydrogenase activity; other measurements in the right ventricle and all in the left ventricle had returned to control levels. Skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity was not different from controls.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of Payne and Scott operations for morbid obesity.

One hundred five patients were operated upon for morbid obesity using accepted criteria for operation. Forty-five patients with the Payne operation (35 cm of jejunum anastomosed end-to-side to 10 cm of ileum) were compared with 45 patients having the Scott operation (30 cm of jejunum anatomosed end-to-end to 15 cm of ileum with the proximal cut end of ileum vented into the transverse colon). The weight loss in the first two years was similar, although the Scott procedure patients lost slightly more weight. Comparison of the two groups by a new grading system also showed little difference in the two procedures. The Scott procedure takes longer and subjects the patient to an additional anastomosis. Study of a smaller group of patients having the Scott operation with varying lengths of jejunum and ileum indicates that there should not be less than 30 cm of jejunum nor more than 15 cm of ileum left in continuity. The length of jejunum is particularly important in the production of weight loss, and accurate intraoperative measurement of intestinal length is crucial. In the postoperative period the length of functional jejunum and ileum can be determined by upper gastrointestinal barium roentgenograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Emergency!

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Dental Staff↗
PubMed1976

Cephalexin compared to ampicillin treatment of otitis media.

Cephalexin was compared to ampicillin for the treatment of otitis media in a randomized study. Bacteriologic diagnosis was sought by needle tympanocentesis in 179 children. No overall statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups; however, 20 patients who received cephalexin had a poor response to therapy whereas only five recipients of ampicillin responded poorly. A significant difference (P less than .05) between the two regimens was noted when Hemophilus influenzae was recovered. Fifty per cent of the children with H. influenzae otitis media who were treated with cephalexin responded poorly; no patients receiving ampicillin had a poor response. Our data suggest that the use of cephalexin monohydrate is not warranted for treatment of otitis media due to H. influenzae even when the isolate proves sensitive to this drug in vitro. In selected patients with otitis media caused by Staphylococcus aureus which is resistant to penicillin, cephalexin may provide effective treatment.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

Sulfur hexafluoride in owl monkey vitreous cavity.

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas, tested in the vitreous chamber of owl monkey eyes, remained in the vitreous cavity about twice as long as air (ten to 11 days vs. five to six days). Its volume expanded from the diffusion of other gases into the created gas pocket. Lens opacities developed when the lens was in continuous contact with SF6 or air. Sulfur hexafluoride appeared to be no more toxic to the retina than air, using electroretinographic, histologic, and electron microscopic criteria.

Air↗
PubMed1975

Clindamycin treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children.

Forty-eight children, 1 month to 14 years of age, including 11 patients with untreated acute osteomyelitis, 8 with pretreated acute osteomyelitis, 12 with septic arthritis, and 11 with cellulitis or soft tissue abscess, were treated with clindamycin. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the blood, synovial fluid, bone, or soft tissues of 27 of these individuals while group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci or Clostridia were isolated from 9 patients. Clindamycin was provided intravenously until patients were afebrile for three days followed by orally administered clindamycin for one week in patients with cellulitis to as long as six months in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Clinical and bacteriologic responses to treatment generally were excellent, most likely reflecting the excellent serum and tissue concentrations of clindamycin which were achieved. Serum concentrations of clindamycin following intravenous infusion at 20 to 30 mg/kg/day in three divided doses were 8- to 32-fold in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of all organisms isolated in this study. Bone and synovial fluid concentrations of clindamycin were 60% to 85% of the serum concentrations measured concomitantly. Clindamycin provides an effective alternative treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children who are sensitive to penicillin.

Abscess↗