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Biomedical subjects

D Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to D Anderson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Increased incidence of abnormal foetuses in the offspring of cyclophosphamide-treated male mice.

The incidence of morphologically abnormal foetuses in the litters of cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated male mice was investigated and compared with control values. In two experiments (100 mg/kg) CP was shown to increase the incidence of grossly abnormal foetuses over that seen in the controls, although neither was statistically significant in isolation. When the probabilities from the two tests of significance were combined using the method of Fisher the result was significant (P = 0.02). These results suggest that an acute exposure to a mutagen in male mice can cause genetic damage that results in an increased incidence of phenotypically abnormal offspring. However, the large numbers of animals required and the variable control level of abnormalities, indicate that this dosing regimen is an inefficient method of studying the genetic mechanisms responsible for the effects seen.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1987

A prospective study of lung water measurements during patient management in an intensive care unit.

We prospectively evaluated a protocol that included extravascular thermal volume (ETV) as a measure of extravascular lung water (EVLW) instead of pulmonary artery wedge pressure (Ppaw) measurements to guide the hemodynamic management of 48 critically ill patients. Patients were randomized to either a protocol management (PM), or to a routine management (RM) group. In the RM group, EVLW measurements were unknown to the primary care physicians. The 2 groups were similar with respect to age, gender, and severity of illness. In patients with initially high EVLW, EVLW fell to a greater extent in PM than in RM patients (18 +/- 5 versus 4 +/- 8% decrease, p less than 0.05). This difference was even greater in patients with heart failure. No adverse effects on oxygenation or renal function occurred in following the protocol. Mortality for the groups as a whole was similar, but was significantly better (p less than 0.05) for PM patients with initially high EVLW and normal Ppaw (predominantly patients with sepsis or the adult respiratory distress syndrome). For both groups, patients with an initial EVLW greater than 14 ml/kg had a significantly greater mortality than did those with a lesser amount of EVLW: 13 of 15 (87%) versus 13 of 32 (41%), p less than 0.05. We conclude that management based on a protocol using EVLW measurements is safe, may hasten the resolution of pulmonary edema, and may lead to improved outcome in some critically ill patients.

Dye Dilution Technique↗
PubMed1987

Recurrent cerebral ischemia and mitral valve vegetation in a patient with antiphospholipid antibodies.

A 37-year-old woman presented with a history of acute loss of vision in her left eye and a history of recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Subsequent investigations revealed a prolonged PTT. The lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were identified in her serum. A cardiac murmur was heard and echocardiography demonstrated a mass on the mitral valve. Extensive studies for infection were negative. Cardioembolic phenomena were considered a possible cause of her cerebral ischemic events. The occurrence of nonbacterial endocardial verrucae is well described in systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathogenesis of this lesion remains speculative, however, its occurrence in our patient, with a lupus anticoagulant and aCL suggests a possible association. The clinical manifestations of thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies are varied, and may include the development of thrombotic endocardial lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lack of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from infected to uninfected chimpanzees.

Four uninfected chimpanzees were each housed in separate cages with an HIV-infected chimpanzee for six to twenty-nine months. Despite close daily contact, all uninoculated chimpanzees remained seronegative for HIV, and virus was never isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the uninfected chimpanzees. These data indicate that the probability of transmission from infected animals to humans is extremely low and also provide supportive evidence for lack of transmission of HIV by casual contact.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Malformations induced in cultured rat embryos by enzymically generated active oxygen species.

Day 9.5 rat embryos were exposed in culture to xanthine/xanthine oxidase generated active oxygen species. Growth and development were assessed after 46 hr of culture. The treatment induced abnormalities of the neural suture, the severity of which increased in a dose-related manner with the concentration of substrate or enzyme. Glutathione (10 mM) or catalase (50 micrograms/ml) either partially or completely abolished the effects of xanthine/xanthine oxidase, whereas the addition of superoxide dismutase (50 micrograms/ml) or desferrioxamine (1mM) did not reduce the number of malformed embryos. These findings suggest that hydrogen peroxide and/or hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the effects of xanthine and xanthine oxidase.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1986

Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the vagina and cervix in association with pregnancy.

The effect of pregnancy on patients with CCA of the vagina and cervix was evaluated based upon a review of 503 cases. Eighty-five had been pregnant (24 at diagnosis), 408 had never been pregnant, and the pregnancy history was unavailable in 10 cases. All of the 24 patients pregnant at diagnosis were over 16 years of age; 14 were in the first trimester, 6 in the second, and 4 in the third trimester. By FIGO criteria, 15 were stage I, 7 stage II, and 2 were stage III. The 24 pregnant and 408 never pregnant (age corrected) cases were compared with regard to maternal hormone history, symptoms, stage, location, predominant histologic or cell type, greatest tumor diameter, surface area, depth of invasion, grade, and number of mitoses. No significant differences were detected. Twelve of the 24 pregnant patients had radical hysterectomy with or without irradiation (9 stage I, 3 stage II); of the 7 treated by local therapy (5 stage I, 2 stage II), 3 required additional therapy due to persistent disease; 4 had radiotherapy alone (1 stage I, 2 stage II, and 1 stage III); one had teletherapy followed by exenteration (stage III). Six of the 24 died 2 to 12 years after diagnosis (1 stage I, 3 stage II, 2 stage III). Eighteen are alive at 1 to 17 years. The overall 5 and 10 year actuarial survival rates (age adjusted) for the group pregnant at diagnosis (86 and 68%) do not differ significantly from the never pregnant group. Pregnancy does not seem to adversely affect the outcome of CCA. Guidelines are presented to treat pregnant patients with CCA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Neurochemical and behavioral consequences of mild, uncontrollable shock: effects of PCPA.

The present experiments examined the role of the serotonergic system in the behavioral deficit produced by uncontrollable shock. In Experiment 1: Establishment of model, the behavioral potential of the Sprague-Dawley rat was defined. When exposed to mild uncontrollable stress such as a 0.8 mA electric footshock, a significant percentage of rats developed a shock escape deficit which was evident when subsequently placed in a shock escape paradigm. Serotonin depletion was produced by chronic treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine. Biogenic amine levels and 5-HT levels were monitored in various brain areas using HPLC. Following chronic treatment with PCPA, the shock escape capability of the Sprague-Dawley rat was assessed. The severe depletion of 5-HT in various brain regions was highly correlated with a dramatic improvement in the shock escape scores. Thus, the detrimental effects of exposure to a mild course of inescapable shock can be prevented by chronic treatment with PCPA. These experiments implicate the serotonergic system as a possible mediator of the "learned helplessness" phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Variation in sister-chromatid exchange among 106 members of the general U.K. population.

SCE scores of lymphocytes from 106 people revealed that the majority of background variation in SCE was between cells within individuals. Highly significant differences existed between individuals. Lesser, but still highly significant differences also existed between replicate cultures. Inter-individual variation was contributed to by each person's sex and their smoking habits. SCE frequency was not influenced by any of the other factors considered, age, drinking habits and diagnostic X-ray exposure of persons or lymphocyte number and proliferation rate in cultures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Double aortic arch associated with coarctation.

An unusual combination of double aortic arch with coarctation of one of its limbs is described. We emphasize the importance of preoperative aortography to demonstrate or exclude coarctation which is clinically silent prior to surgery. This rare association will determine the surgical approach.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1986

Mutagenic properties of N-nitrosopeptides in mammalian cell culture assays.

Two N-nitrosopeptides, N-(N-acetyl-L-prolyl)-N-nitrosoglycine and N-(N-acetylvalyl)-N-nitrosoglycine, were investigated for genetic toxicity towards mammalian cells using an established line of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1-BH4). Observations were made on three indices of genetic damage, namely chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange and induction of thioguanine-resistant variants. Treatment of cells with either compound resulted in dose-dependent increases in all indices, indicating that both compounds are direct-acting mutagens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interleukin 2.

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) cDNA clones have been isolated from both human and murine sources. We report here the isolation of a cDNA clone encoding bovine IL-2. This was accomplished by screening a cDNA library constructed from lectin-stimulated bovine lymph node cells, using a human IL-2 probe. Bovine IL-2 is composed of 155 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 19,555. Alignment of the amino acid sequence with human IL-2 indicates that mature bovine IL-2 is composed of 135 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 15,452. It has an amino acid homology of 65% with human IL-2 and 50% with murine IL-2. Bovine IL-2 is unique among IL-2 homologs in that it has a single N-linked glycosylation site. Biologically active bovine IL-2 was synthesized in an Escherichia coli expression system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A defined system for in vitro packaging of DNA-gp3 of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29.

The bacteriophage phi 29 DNA-gene product 3 complex (DNA-gp3) has been efficiently packaged into proheads in a completely defined in vitro system. The phi 29 DNA packaging protein gp16, the product of gene 16, was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. The purified gp16 packaged 23% of the DNA-gp3 added to purified proheads in the defined mixture, while gp16 in an extract of phage-infected cells packaged 26% of the DNA-gp3. No host proteins were required in the defined system. ATP-dependent packaging of DNA-gp3 in the defined system was optimal with approximately equal to 100 copies of gp16 per DNA-gp3, an amount similar to the production of gp16 per DNA-gp3 in phi 29-infected cells.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗