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Biomedical subjects

D Abeck

Publications and source records attributed to D Abeck.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of Haemophilus ducreyi isolates from southern Africa.

Thirty-eight strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in southern Africa were tested in vitro against 15 antimicrobial agents including those frequently used for the treatment of chancroid. In addition, newer compounds which possess characteristics consistent with their possible use as single-dose therapy for the disease were tested. All isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin as a result of beta-lactamase production. The majority of strains were also resistant to tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, but susceptible to co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, cefodizime, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, rifampicin, rifabutin and FCE 22250. beta-Lactamase production appeared to be associated with the presence of low molecular weight plasmids (5.7 or 7 Md). Sulphonamide resistance appeared to be either chromosomally-mediated or due to the presence of a 4.9 Md plasmid. No evidence of plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance was observed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Characterisation of penicillinase producing gonococci isolated in Munich, 1981-6.

Twenty three penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolated in Munich from 1981 to 1986 were characterised in terms of their plasmid content, auxotypes, protein I serovars, and sensitivity to antibiotics. Sixteen strains (70%) harboured a 4.4 megadalton plasmid, with 13 of these strains also containing a 24.4 megadalton plasmid. Seven strains (30%) contained a 3.2 megadalton plasmid, with only one of them containing a 24.4 megadalton plasmid. Thirteen strains (57%) were prototrophic, eight (35%) required proline, one required arginine, and one required proline and arginine for growth. Serovar analysis showed that 16 strains (70%) belonged to the protein IB serogroup and comprised four serovars (IB-1, IB-5, IB-7, and IB-8). The seven strains belonging to the IA serogroup also comprised four serovars (IA-2, IA-4, IA-6, and IA-10). Although 18 different categories of plasmid, auxotype, and serovar were found in the 23 PPNG strains, there was a similarity between the auxotypes in terms of the range of serovars they comprised. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics for the strains showed that they were all susceptible in vitro to spectinomycin (MIC less than or equal to 32 mg/l), enoxacin (MIC less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l), cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone (MICs less than or equal to 0.064 mg/l), whereas about half showed some resistance to tetracycline or cefotiam, or both.

Microbial Sensitivity Tests↗
PubMed1988

In vitro activity of eight antimicrobial agents against non-penicillinase-producing gonococci isolated in Munich.

The susceptibility of 119 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Munich in 1986 to eight antibiotics was assessed. Although some degree of resistance to penicillin and tetracycline, as well as high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of spectinomycin, were observed, all the strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, cefotaxime, and FCE 22250.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Presence of two strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in both the cervix and pharynx of a patient with disseminated infection caused by a single strain.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from the cervix, pharynx and blood stream of an 18-year-old woman who had a disseminated gonococcal infection. Two different phenotypes of N. gonorrhoeae, distinguished on the basis of their protein I serovar, whole-cell protein profile, lectin-type and antibiotic susceptibility, were isolated from both the cervix and pharynx, whereas only one of these phenotypes was isolated from the blood. This finding stresses the importance of blood cultures as a prelude to determining appropriate antimicrobial therapy in cases of disseminated gonococcal infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Lectin typing as an efficient epidemiological marker system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections].

A total of 102 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Munich with known nutritional requirements were examined for lectin agglutination patterns using Taxonolectin panels containing 14 different plant originated lectins with known specificity. 29 different lectin agglutination patterns were found (in comparison auxotyping showed 17 different groups). All strains reacted with Concanavalin A and Trichosanthes kinlowii and did not show positive reactions with Limax flavus and Ulex europaeus I. 49 Isolates (48%) had lectin agglutination patterns associated with only four lectin groups (in comparison the four major auxotyping groups comprised 58 (57%) of the tested isolates). A correlation between auxotype and lectin agglutination pattern could not be demonstrated. Reproducibility of lectin agglutination patterns was excellent.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1988

The effect of a toxin from Bacteroides ureolyticus on the mucosal epithelium of human and bovine oviducts.

Bacteria-free filtrates of nine strains of Bacteroides ureolyticus, most of which had been isolated from the urethra of men with non-gonococcal urethritis, damaged the mucosal epithelium of human fallopian tube and bovine oviduct organ cultures. The damage, pronounced after three days, was manifested by loss of ciliary activity. Histological observations, supported by scanning electron microscopy, showed that this loss was due to disruption of the epithelia with sloughing of cells. It is likely that the inhibitory activity of the filtrates was due to endotoxin since lipopolysaccharides extracted from the bacteria had a similar deleterious effect on oviduct mucosal epithelia. It is speculated that B. ureolyticus has the potential for causing damage to the urethral mucosa by the same mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Plasmid content, auxotype and protein-I serovar of gonococci isolated in the Gambia.

Twenty-nine strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and 30 non-penicillinase-producing strains, all isolated in the Gambia, were characterized in terms of their plasmid content, auxotype and protein-I serovar. Sixty-two per cent of the PPNG strains contained the 3.2 MDa penicillinase-coding plasmid, and 38% had the 4.4 MDa plasmid. All the PPNG strains contained the 2.6 MDa cryptic plasmid but lacked the 24.4 MDa conjugative plasmid. In contrast, 46.7% of the non-PPNG strains harboured only the cryptic plasmid while 16.7% contained both the cryptic and conjugative plasmids. Seventeen per cent of the non-PPNG strains contained the conjugative plasmid only and 20% lacked plasmids. The PPNG and non-PPNG strains also differed in terms of their protein-I serovar. Eighty-six per cent of the PPNG strains belonged to serogroup 1 A, whereas the majority (60%) of non-PPNG strains belonged to serogroup 1 B. There was no significant difference in the auxotypes of the PPNG and non-PPNG strains, with both groups consisting predominantly of prototrophic and proline-requiring strains, with a minority of strains requiring arginine. When the 59 strains were each characterized in terms of their combined plasmid profile, auxotype and serovar, 39 different combinations were noted, which indicates the heterogeneous nature of the gonococcal population found in the Gambia.

Gambia↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative evaluation of herpes virus detection using fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies and electron microscopy negative contrast technic in dermatovenereologic diseases. Results of a pilot study of 30 patients].

Thirty patients with different dermatologic and venereal symptoms apparently indicating herpes were examined for the presence of viruses. Two different procedures were compared: electron-microscopic analysis of negatively stained material and light-microscopic analysis of direct smears using fluorescence-labelled monoclonal mouse antibodies against herpesvirus type 1 and type 2. In 12 of the patients herpesvirus was demonstrated by at least one of the two methods: in 9 patients the specimens were positive with both methods; in 2 patients only light microscopy yielded evidence of virus material; in 1 case virus material was revealed only by electron microscopy. If electron-microscopic analysis of negatively stained clinical material is considered the standard method, the fluorescence test had a sensitivity and specificity of 90%. Thus, in the near future the latter technique may supersede the highly laborious electron-microscope method of investigation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

The susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to different cephalosporins and penicillin G depends on the auxotype.

The relatively broad range of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different cephalosporins and penicillin G with Neisseria gonorrhoeae results from the differing susceptibility of various subsets, i.e. auxotypes. While prototrophic and proline-dependent strains are especially resistant (p less than or equal to 0.001), AHU strains are especially susceptible. The bimodality of MIC values with penicillin G and the older cephalosporins, cephalothin and cefazoline, results from quite a big subset of relatively resistant prototrophic strains. As the newer cephalosporins from generation (e.g. cefotiam) to generation (e.g. cefmenoxime and ceftizoxime) tend to have less special problems with these strains, the general distribution of MIC values changes to monomodality.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of cefotetan in uncomplicated gonorrhea.

Cefotetan is a newly developed cephamycin especially resistant to bacterial beta-lactamase. Therefore both its in vitro activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its clinical efficacy in uncomplicated gonorrhea are investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) lie in the range of 0.016-2 micrograms/ml, 90% of the strains being inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml. Of 52 finally evaluable patients who were treated by a single intramuscular injection of 1 g, 48 (92.3%) were cured bacteriologically. Thus the present treatment protocol may prove useful in individual cases. It should, however, not be advocated for gonorrhea treatment in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Pathogen-host relations in sexually transmitted diseases].

The host-parasite relationship between the major causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases, e.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis, and their target cells in the urogenital tract can generally be studied in suitable cell and organ cultures. Experience with N. gonorrhoeae predominantly gained from fallopian-tube organ cultures shows that there are several prerequisites for adherence as the first step of pathogenesis. They range from the type of bacterial pili to the type of epithelial cell. Later the function of these cells is damaged by subcellular toxins of a lipopolysaccharide nature. The cocci are phagocytosed, which eventually leads to definite (ultra-) structural alterations. These processes are not only described in detail but also compared with those found with other bacterial species and target cells. Possible predisposing factors in the host are also taken into account. Finally the need for investigating the effect of antibiotics on the host-parasite relationship is stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gonoblennorrhoea adultorum (gonococcal conjunctivitis)--a "disappearing disease" which does not disappear.

Gonoblennorrhoea adultorum (GA) still occurs in spite of contrary statements. During the last 10 years, 4 cases were seen in the Munich Clinic of Dermatology (constituting 0.19% of all patients with gonorrhoea). While the conjunctivae alone were involved in 3 of them, in 1 the cornea showed alterations as well. Thus, the disease has not lost its potential danger. Yet the newer cephalosporins seem to cure GA rapidly, even if given in a single dose (together with local treatment).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Importance of the auxotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for evaluating gonorrhea therapy studies].

So far, there was no absolutely reliable way to distinguish between failure and reinfection in clinical trials on the treatment of gonorrhoea. If one, however, analyzes the auxotypes of the gonococcal strains isolated before and after application of the drug from non-cured patients, reinfection can clearly be demonstrated in cases with a changed auxotype. Thus, in a trial on the single intramuscular application of cefotiam 1 g for uncomplicated gonorrhoea, the bacteriological cure rate increased from 90 to at least 95%.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Cultural proof of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in synovial fluid in disseminated gonococcal infection.

Disseminated gonococcal infection is not too rare, and joint involvement is one of its prominent features. Although diagnosis in general is based on clinical findings and microbiological examination of the genitals and sometimes blood, there are cases in which exact diagnosis can only be made after the investigation of synovial effusion. An observation of this kind is presented, and the general value of the aspiration of synovial fluid in disseminated gonococcal infection is discussed. Special interest is also given to the possible coincidence of disseminated gonococcal infection and other sexually transmitted diseases as for example trichomoniasis, both of which were found in our case.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of penicillin G on corium thickness in linear morphea of childhood: An analysis using ultrasound technique.

Linear morphea is the most common form of localized scleroderma in children. The pathogenesis of this disorder is unknown. We report a child with a 6-year history of linear morphea in whom intravenous administration of 5 MU aqueous penicillin G three times a day for 10 consecutive days caused reduction in the thickness of the corium as demonstrated by ultrasound measurements.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transonychial water loss in healthy and diseased nails.

The objective of this study was to determine the transonychial water loss (TOWL) in both healthy and affected nails in different diseases and to compare it with the transepidermal water loss (TEWL). TOWL was measured by a new evaporimetric method: Plasticine was used to fix the protection cover of the evaporimeter probe to the nails. The TOWL behaved contrary to the TEWL. Affected nails in patients with atopic eczema (p <0.01), psoriasis (p<0.05) and onychomycosis (p<0.001) showed a significantly lower TOWL than did nails of healthy test subjects. The decrease in TOWL in diseased nails in comparison to healthy nails could be due to the formation of a stratum granulosum in atopic, psoriatic or fungus-affected nails, as this layer is normally absent in healthy nails.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The lectin type of Candida albicans--an epidemiological marker relevant to pathogenesis.

Fifty Candida albicans strains isolated from the oral cavities of HIV-infected patients were typed with 14 different lectins by means of agglutination reactions. Sixteen different lectin types could be distinguished, the most frequent type representing 22% of strains. A change in the lectin type was found in about half of the Candida albicans strains representing control cultures from identical individuals. A simplified typing scheme based on three lectins seems to be almost as efficacious for epidemiological application.

Candida albicans↗