Biomedical subjects

D A Trauner

Publications and source records attributed to D A Trauner.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Electroencephalographic abnormalities in Rett syndrome.

Electroencephalograms were performed on 11 girls with Rett syndrome between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Electroencephalographic abnormalities included slowing and disorganization of background activity while awake, multifocal epileptiform discharges maximal over the central and temporal regions, and intermittent, high-amplitude discharges followed by relative attenuation of background activity during sleep. Electroencephalographic patterns were remarkably similar in all patients and may be of diagnostic assistance in suspected cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of therapeutic agents in a rabbit model of Reye syndrome.

Six potential therapeutic agents were evaluated in an experimental model simulating Reye syndrome produced by infusion of the short-chain fatty acid, sodium octanoate, into rabbits. Administration of carnitine, dexamethasone, or fatty acid-free albumin resulted in prolongation of survival, less rise in intracranial pressure, and amelioration of some of the metabolic abnormalities found typically during octanoate infusion. Treatment with pentobarbital or dimethyl sulfoxide prevented intracranial pressure elevations but had no protective effect on survival. Hypertonic glucose administration produced no improvement in any of the parameters studied.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neurologic features of Williams and Down syndromes.

Eight patients with Williams syndrome and 6 with Down syndrome, matched for age and full-scale IQ, underwent detailed neurologic testing as part of a large multidisciplinary research center study. Williams syndrome patients were small for gestational age and often had histories of failure-to-thrive and feeding problems as infants. Half of the Williams syndrome patients had epilepsy. On neurologic testing, Williams syndrome patients had greater difficulty with gross and fine motor coordination, oromotor skills, and cerebellar function than did those with Down syndrome. The neurologic distinctions between these 2 groups may reflect an underlying, as yet undefined, metabolic defect in Williams syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cortical atrophy and cognitive performance in infantile nephropathic cystinosis.

A group of children and adolescents with infantile nephropathic cystinosis underwent cognitive testing and were examined for cortical atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Ten of 11 patients demonstrated cortical atrophy. A consistent pattern of lower cognitive performance was found in patients with greater atrophy; however, only the relationship between atrophy and short-term memory approached statistical significance. In addition, evidence for greater impairment of visual memory than of other cognitive functions was observed. This latter observation did not appear to be related to the degree of atrophy.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neurologic, cognitive, and linguistic features of infants after early stroke.

Fourteen infants who suffered early localized, unilateral cerebral infarction were studied to examine the neurologic status of these children, to investigate psychomotor, cognitive, and language abilities, and to examine relationships between behavior and lesion severity. The patients underwent a neurologic examination and were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development. Motor development was not significantly delayed despite the presence of hemiparesis in most infants (which correlated with lesion severity). There was no evidence of marked delay in global cognitive functioning but one-half of the children were delayed in psychomotor functioning. Evidence of receptive and/or expressive language delay also was observed in one-half of infants and toddlers.

Cerebral Infarction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Transient hemiparesis associated with monoclonal CD3 antibody (OKT3) therapy.

OKT3 therapy for prevention or reversal of allograft rejection has been associated with a constellation of acute systemic side effects, defined as an OKT3 first-dose reaction. Specific neurologic syndromes, including aseptic meningitis and diffuse encephalitis, have also been observed. This report describes a 12-year-old girl with steroid-resistant renal allograft rejection who developed hemiparesis associated with initiation of OKT3 therapy.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neurologic profiles of infants and children after perinatal stroke.

Twenty-nine children with a single, unilateral cerebral infarct acquired pre- or perinatally were examined subsequently for an average of 43 months. No consistent pre- or perinatal events were identified to explain the occurrence of the stroke. The children acquired motor milestones at nearly expected times, even in the presence of hemiparesis. In children older than 2 years of age, I.Q. scores all were within the normal range. More than one-half of the children experienced seizures at some time during the follow-up period. Good intellectual and functional motor outcome can be expected in children with isolated perinatal stroke.

Cerebral Infarction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of octanoate on blood-brain barrier permeability using L-dopa as a marker.

Short-chain fatty acid injection into animals produces coma, seizures, and hyperventilation. One mechanism of coma production may be through alterations in membrane permeability characteristics. The SPG histofluorescence technique was used to evaluate changes in blood-brain barrier permeability to injected L-dopa in rats after intraperitoneal injections of the short-chain fatty acid, sodium octanoate. Diffusion of intravascular fluorescence was observed around brain capillaries in the octanoate-injected rats suggesting an alteration in capillary permeability to L-dopa. Diffusion of fluorescence around neuronal cell bodies and brain fiber tracts was also seen after treatment with octanoate. These findings suggest that octanoate may also alter neuronal membrane function.

Animals↗