Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D A Tipton.
As one of the most important aspects of aviation physiology, vision is a virtual sine qua non of the aviation field. A basic understanding of vision is vitally important in the field of aviation medicine. Following is a summary of some aspects of visual physiology, including visual acuity, night vision, dark adaptation, and acceleration effects on vision.
The effects of Gy and Gz acceleration forces on cone-type mesopic vision threshold values are examined. An experiment has been conducted on the Dynamic Environment Simulator, a three-axis human centrifuge, to reproduce an acceleration environment in a simulated night-flight combat situation. Acceleration environments studied were levels of +1 Gz, + 1Gy, +1.4 Gz, +2 Gz, +3 Gz, and +2 Gy in combination with +1 Gz. A visual task was performed which determined 20/50 visual acuity illumination threshold values. Physiological parameters recorded were arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) by ear oximetry, heart rate, and visual acuity threshold values. There were 10 male subjects, all members of the United States Air Force. Their ages ranged from 25-39 years (mean +/- S.D., 29.1 +/- 4.3). Results were zero means obtained by self-pairing with +1 Gz controls. Analysis was done by self-pairing, two-tailed t test. Results showed no significant shift in luminance threshold values at +1 Gy or +1.4 Gz, and significant increases in luminance thresholds at the 0.01 level for +2 Gz, +3 Gz, and +2 Gy in combination with +1 Gz.
Wilbur and Orville Wright were able, as a team, to develop the first heavier than air machine capable of sustained, controlled, powered flight while piloted by a man. This was due, very possibly, to the presence of a left hemispheric dominant personality in Wilbur Wright and a right hemispheric dominant personality in Orville Wright. They were thus able to complement each other's skills and creativity in such a way as to make this feat possible. This paper will examine this hypothesis by examining the features of cerebral dominance as now understood, and applying them to the personality profiles of these two brothers.
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