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Biomedical subjects

D A Regier

Publications and source records attributed to D A Regier.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Rapid dynamic CT scanning to distinguish schizophrenic from normal subjects.

Rapid dynamic computerized axial tomography (CT) density-time curves were used to detect abnormal brain regions in groups of controls and DSM-III diagnosed schizophrenics. Density-time curves were designated as plateau curves if, following a bolus injection of contrast material, they exhibited a plateau from the peak value rather than a decrease. Five of the 10 schizophrenics versus none of the 11 controls were found to possess two or more plateau curves. The physiological basis for the plateau curves is not known, but an increase in blood-brain-barrier permeability could be involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cytokinin production by Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas spp.

The production of cytokinins by plant-associated bacteria was examined by radioimmunoassay. Strains producing trans-zeatin were identified in the genera Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing nopaline tumor-inducing plasmids, A. tumefaciens Lippia isolates, and Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains produced trans-zeatin in culture at 0.5 to 44 micrograms/liter. Pseudomonas solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi produced trans-zeatin at levels of up to 1 mg/liter. In vitro cytokinin biosynthetic activity was measured for representative strains and was found to correlate with trans-zeatin production. The genetic locus for trans-zeatin secretion (tzs) was cloned from four strains: A. tumefaciens T37, A. rhizogenes A4, P. solanacearum K60, and P. syringae pv. savastanoi 1006. Southern blot analysis showed substantial homology of the Agrobacterium tzs genes to each other but not to the two Pseudomonas genes.

Cytokinins↗
PubMed1986

Secretion of Zeatin, Ribosylzeatin, and Ribosyl-1'' -Methylzeatin by Pseudomonas savastanoi: Plasmid-Coded Cytokinin Biosynthesis.

Cytokinin production by strains of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv savastanoi was measured by immunoaffinity chromatography of the culture medium on immobilized anti-cytokinin antibodies, followed by high performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry. P. savastanoi strain PB213-2 secretes zeatin (80 nanograms per milliliter) and ribosylzeatin (80 nanograms per milliliter). Even higher levels of zeatin (400 nanograms per milliliter) are produced by the olive-specific strain EW1006, which also produces 180 nanograms per milliliter of the recently identified cytokinin, ribosyl-1'' -methylzeatin. The amounts secreted were approximately 1000 times greater than those secreted by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (DA Regier, RO Morris 1982 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 104: 1560-1566). Examination of cytokinin production by plasmid deletion mutants of PB213-2 and EW1006 indicated that cytokinin biosynthesis was specified, at least in part, by plasmid-borne genes. A fragment of the 105 kilobase pair plasmid from EW1006 was cloned into Escherichia coli where its expression resulted in dimethylallyl transferase activity and the secretion of zeatin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the tzs gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37.

The trans-zeatin secretion locus (tzs), from the nopaline Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37, was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. This gene is located in the virulence region of pTiT37. The tzs gene is responsible for the secretion of trans-zeatin into bacterial culture medium and in addition has the cytokinin biosynthetic activity, dimethylallylpyrophosphate:AMP dimethylallyltransferase. Sequence analysis showed an open reading frame of 729 nucleotides, capable of encoding a protein of 27,545 daltons. A single new labelled protein of 27,200 daltons was detected in Escherichia coli maxicells expressing the cloned tzs gene. Significant sequence homology was observed between the tzs and the published tmr sequence from pTiT37.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

The chronically mentally ill in primary care.

The role of primary care physicians in addressing the needs of chronically mentally ill patients is examined from three perspectives: assessing community prevalence; treating chronic medical problems in the context of other human service needs; and treating specific types of chronic mental disorders. About 30% of primary care patients were found to have at least one Research Diagnostic Criteria mental disorder, five-sixths of which had a duration greater than 1 year. However, about 9% of patients had some impairment and 2% had severe impairment associated with a mental disorder. Although affective disorders have the highest overall rates, personality, psychotic, and anxiety disorders contribute the greatest proportion of severe disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Measuring need for mental health services in a general population.

This article presents measures of need for mental health services estimated from the 1981 Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey, one of five sites participating in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Data were collected on the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders, as determined by the standardized Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), functional status, personal characteristics, patterns of medical and mental health care, and sources of care used. Need is based on mental health services use in the prior 6 months or the presence of two or more manifestations of emotional problems: a) one or more DIS disorders present in the past 6 months, b) a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score of four or more current symptoms, or c) the respondent's report of having been unable to carry out usual activities in the past 3 months for at least 1 entire day because of an emotional problem. Approximately 14% of adults met the criteria for need, half of whom had made no mental health visits in the prior 6 months and were considered to have unmet need. Need for care was influenced by a variety of sociodemographic and economic characteristics: it was low among the aged and high among persons living alone and the poor on Medicaid. The proportion of need that was unmet varied less but was relatively large for two groups, the aged and nonwhites. Those on Medicaid through public assistance were more likely to have their need met than the near poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Historical context, major objectives, and study population characteristics.

The National Institute of Mental Health multisite Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program is described in the context of four previous psychiatric epidemiologic surveys that included a combined total of 4,000 subjects from Stirling County, the Baltimore Morbidity Study, Midtown Manhattan, and the New Haven third-wave survey. The ECA program is distinguished by its sample size of at least 3,500 subjects per site (about 20,000 total); the focus on Diagnostic Interview Schedule--defined DSM-III mental disorders; the one-year reinterview-based longitudinal design to obtain incidence and service use data; the linkage of epidemiologic and health service use data; and the replication of design and method in multiple sites. Demographic characteristics of community and sample populations are provided for New Haven, Conn, Baltimore, and St Louis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites.

Lifetime rates are presented for 15 DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses evaluated in three large household samples on the basis of lay interviewers' use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The most common diagnoses were alcohol abuse and dependence, phobia, major depressive episode, and drug abuse and dependence. Disorders that most clearly predominated in men were antisocial personality and alcohol abuse and dependence. Disorders that most clearly predominated in women were depressive episodes and phobias. The age group with highest rates for most disorders was found to be young adults (aged 25 to 44 years). Correlates with race, education, and urbanization are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Utilization of health and mental health services. Three Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites.

Utilization of health and mental health services by non-institutionalized persons aged 18 years and older is examined based on interviews with probability samples of 3,000 to 3,500 persons in each of three sites of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program: New Haven, Conn, Baltimore, and St Louis. In all three ECAs, 6% to 7% of the adults made a visit during the prior six months for mental health reasons; proportions were considerably higher among persons with recent DSM-III disorders covered by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) or severe cognitive impairment. Between 24% and 38% of all ambulatory visits by persons with DIS disorders were to mental health specialists. In seeking mental health services, men were more likely to turn to the specialty sector than to the generalist; women used both sectors about equally. The aged infrequently received care from mental health specialists. Visits for mental health reasons varied considerably depending on specific types of DIS disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prospective payment for psychiatric hospitalization: questions and issues.

Can prospective payment control the cost of Medicare treatment without seriously affecting the quality of care? The authors pose this question and then explore the new system's implications for the mental health field. Because psychiatric diagnoses do not adequately describe the reasons for hospitalization, and because treatment of mental disorders is not standardized throughout the country, the authors posit that psychiatric hospitals will have difficulty adjusting to a reimbursement system based on diagnosis alone. They also review four major aspects of the prospective payment system: efficiency, equity and access for patients, quality of care, and practicality. Other issues, such as prospective payment's financial impact on medical research and technology development, are also discussed.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1983

The multiple functions of the state mental hospital.

This report identifies and quantifies the multiple manifest and latent functions of the state mental hospital, using data collected by the National Institute of Mental Health. The data reveal a complex institution providing over 500,000 episodes of care for acute and chronic, voluntarily and involuntarily admitted inpatients and 300,000 episodes of care for the most seriously disturbed and disadvantaged outpatients. In addition, state hospitals employ over 200,000 individuals and train over 3,300 professionals each year. The diversity and significance of these functions, as well as the failure of other institutions to supplant them, account for the endurance of the state mental hospital.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Specialist/generalist division of responsibility for patients with mental disorders.

The division of responsibility between general medical staff and mental specialists for care of persons with medical record diagnoses of mental disorders is documented in four organized health care settings. Rates of mental disorders identified in all departments ranged from 35.6 to 122.8 per 1,000 population. Specialty mental health departments treated most severe psychotic and personality disorders, plus transient situational disturbances, whereas neurotic, childhood behavior, and psychophysiological disorders received as much or greater attention in general medical departments. Mental disorder diagnoses were associated with greater patient use of general medical departments. However, joint specialty mental health/general medical treatment of these patients was associated with lower general medical department visit rates in all settings. Such joint care was facilitated by the low average visit frequency use of mental health departments. (2.2 to 8.9 visits per patient per year).

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1982

Use of general medical care services by persons with mental disorders.

Data are presented on the medical diagnoses and the type of general medical services used by persons with mental disorder diagnoses. This study is based on the 1975 experience of registrants in four medical programs contained in three organizational settings. The data on services were retrieved from each program's automated date system. The percent of patients seen in general medical departments receiving a mental disorder diagnosis ranged from 4.8% to 13.6% among the four programs. Patients with mental disorder diagnoses visit general medical departments from 11/2 to two times as frequently as patients without such diagnoses. Persons with a diagnosed mental disorder are likely to receive care for conditions in more International Classification of Diseases categories than other patients, and are more likely to receive a diagnosis for ill-defined conditions, signs, and symptoms.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of cytokinin-active nucleosides in isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acids from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

The cytokinin-active isoprenoid nucleosides of Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer ribonucleic acid were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, permethylation, and mass spectroscopy. Besides the expected 6-[(3-methylbut-2-enyl)amino]-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (i6A) and its 2-methylthio derivative (ms2i6A), substantial amounts of cis- and trans-ribosylzeatin (io6A) and cis-2-(methylthio)ribosylzeatin (c-ms2io6A) were present. These hydroxylated side chain derivatives are normally characteristic of plant tRNA. Fractionation of the total bacterial tRNA on BD-cellulose and RPC-5 allowed isolation of purified iso-accepting species whose cytokinin nucleoside contents were then determined. Distribution of the isoprenoid nucleosides among the U-group tRNA species was not uniform. cis-Ribosylzeatin was found almost exclusively in one tRNASer while ms2io6A was found predominantly in tRNAPhe, tRNASer, and tRNATyr. Not all cytokinin-active species were found in every member of the U-group tRNAs. The only species present in tRNATrp was i6A; it contained no zeatin derivatives. The hydroxylation and methylthiolation processes appear to be highly specific and dependent upon tRNA structure or sequence.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1980

Community mental health centers and the treatment of severe mental disorder.

Between 1970 and 1975 the number and rate of admissions to community mental health centers of people given a diagnosis of schizophrenia increased dramatically. However, the proportion of patients with schizophrenia admitted to community mental health centers declined because the increase in the rate of admissions of patients with schizophrenia was diluted by the large increase in the rate of admissions of patients with other diagnoses. The authors review the data on trends in admissions of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the context of an expanding system of mental health services characterized by changes in the locus of care.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis of mental disorder in adults and increased use of health services in four outpatient settings.

The differential use of medical services by patients with and those without a diagnosis of mental disorder was examined in four adult populations by age, sex, diagnosis, and medical department used. The four settings offered comprehensive services to patients who varied greatly in socioeconomic status. In all four settings patients with a diagnosis of mental disorder used all services and general health services more than patients without such a diagnosis. Results document increased medical morbidity and a greater likelihood of a diagnosis of an ill-defined condition in patients with mental disorder than that found in patients without a diagnosis of mental disorder.

Adolescent↗