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Biomedical subjects

D A Graeb

Publications and source records attributed to D A Graeb.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. Etiology and prognosis.

Sixty-eight patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the etiology and prognosis, relationship to delayed hydrocephalus, and effect on neurological outcome. The most common causes were a ruptured aneurysm, trauma, and hypertensive hemorrhage. Ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery can often be predicted from the nonenhanced CT scan. The total mortality rate was 50%; however, 21% of patients returned to normal or had only mild disability. Patients in whom no cause was identified had a better prognosis. Delayed hydrocephalus was related to the effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than obstruction of the ventricular system by blood. IVH per se is seldom a major factor in the neurological outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Transient early computed tomographic changes mimicking tumor progression after brain tumor irradiation.

Transient computed tomographic (CT) changes occurring within three months after radiotherapy are described in three patients with cerebral gliomas. These changes consist of enlargement of an area of central necrosis, new tumor enhancement, and increased tumor enhancement with adjacent low-density changes. Subsequent scans showed regression of these changes in all patients. It is proposed that these changes are the direct effect of radiation on tumor tissue and adjacent normal brain; possible mechanisms are discussed. These radiation-induced changes mimic tumor progression on CT. The importance of recognizing their transient nature is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic scanning of the cerebellopontine angle and the internal auditory canal.

CT scanning of the posterior fossa has been available for eight years, with continued and marked improvements in the scanning accuracy and resolution, particularly in the past three years. Newer computer programs combined with thin axial and coronal slices allow discovery of lesions that are millimeters in size. CT scanning has become the method of choice for screening patients with symptoms referrable to the posterior fossa and is also the most accurate radiographic method of detection. By demonstrating lesions less than one cm in size, CT has greatly enhanced the diagnosis and improved the management of patients who suffer from posterior fossa lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Single-visit oral cholecystography for inpatients.

A new one-day medication schedule for single-visit oral cholecystography is described, using both Telepaque (iopanoic acid) tablets and Oragrafin Sodium (sodium ipodate) capsules. A definitive report is rendered at the first sitting; no repeat studies are performed. Preliminary results in 45 patients demonstrate the accuracy of this technique. One-day medication makes single-visit oral cholecystography suitable for hospitalized patients.

Cholecystography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with Hexabrix in cerebral angiography.

Sixty patients from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of Alberta Hospitals Edmonton participated in an open-labelled clinical study on the safety, tolerability and efficacy of ioxaglic acid (Hexabrix) in cerebral angiography. Only 4% of patients experienced significant pain during carotid and brachiocephalic injections of Hexabrix. No increased incidence of side effects or adverse effects were encountered. In addition, radiographic film quality overall was excellent and comparable to that obtained using conventional contrast agents. Hexabrix is a safe and effective contrast agent for cerebral angiography.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of hypothalamus and optic chiasm: CT and MR studies.

The clinical, CT, and magnetic resonance features of two cases of hypothalamic/optic chiasm involvement with Langerhans cell histiocytosis are presented. In both cases, the mass was iso- to hyperdense on noncontrast CT with uniform postcontrast enhancement, whereas with magnetic resonance (one case) the mass remained isointense to brain on both long and short repetition time sequences. The pathophysiology of hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction is briefly reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute subdural hematomas: atypical CT findings.

Seventy-one patients with acute subdural hematomas were examined by CT within 72 hr of a documented head injury. Lesions often did not have the classical appearance of a homogeneous, high-density extracerebral collection of blood in a crescentic configuration. Specifically, 28 patients (39%) had mixed-density subdural hematomas (MDSDH) with various degrees of low-density blood within the subdural space. In 10 of these 28 patients, the hematoma had a relatively localized mass effect with a convex inner margin, occasionally mimicking the appearance of an epidural hematoma. The MDSDH group differed from the typical homogeneous high-density subdural hematomas in that they were larger (average maximal thickness was 18.1 mm versus 8.0 mm), had more midline shift, and had a higher mortality rate (50% versus 26%). Four patients with MDSDH demonstrated an unusual pattern of ventricular compression with trapping of cerebrospinal fluid in the body of the ipsilateral ventricle and compression of the body of the contralateral ventricle. This pattern has to our knowledge not been previously described. Possible causes of the low-density regions within the hematomas include unclotted blood in an early stage of hematoma development, serum extruded during the early phase of clot retraction, or cerebrospinal fluid within the subdural space due to an arachnoid tear.

Acute Disease↗