Abdominal ultrasonography--1989: general interpretation and masses.
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Abdomen↗
Biomedical subjects
D A Feeney
Publications and source records attributed to D A Feeney.
Gray-scale ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adrenal neoplasia in dogs: six cases (1981-1986).
In addition to survey abdominal radiography, 2-dimensional gray-scale ultrasonography was utilized as a non-invasive imaging mode in 6 dogs with adrenal neoplasia. Ultrasonography was a safe method of obtaining information about the organ of involvement, extra-adrenal extent of disease, vascular invasion or compression, and internal architecture of abdominal masses in the area of the adrenal gland. The data obtained ultrasonographically was determined to be useful in diagnosing adrenal neoplasia.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of parenchymal kidney disease in cats: 24 cases (1981-1986).
Renal sonograms from 24 cats with confirmed parenchymal kidney disease and from 1 cat with radiographic and palpable evidence of renal enlargement (but without identifiable histologic abnormalities) were evaluated to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of feline renal diseases and to determine the role of ultrasonographic examination in the clinical evaluation of these cases. In all cats with radiographic evidence of abnormal renal size or contour and when poor intraabdominal radiographic contrast precluded visualization of the kidneys, ultrasonography provided complementary information pertaining to location (cortical/medullary), extent, and distribution (focal/multifocal/diffuse) of disease. Ultrasonography also characterized these lesions as cystic (cavitating) or solid. The echo patterns were most specific for renal cysts. Infiltrative diseases did not have consistent patterns. Multifocal hypoechoic nodules, diffuse cortical hyper-echogenicity, and normal-appearing parenchyma were identified. In these instances, however, ultrasonography did define the extent of disease and narrowed the spectrum of differential considerations.
Animals↗
Evaluation of the biofragmentable anastomotic ring following preoperative irradiation to the rectosigmoid in dogs.
An animal study was done to evaluate the safety of a sutureless colorectal anastomosis in irradiated bowel. Forty mongrel dogs received preoperative radiation with 5000 rads and then underwent a low anterior resection and anastomosis using either the EEA-31TM stapling device, a two-layer handsewn technique, or the biofragmentable anastomotic ring (BAR) 31-1.5 mm and BAR 31-2.0 mm devices. The anastomoses were then evaluated for early and late anastomotic healing and leaks. The results show four radiographic (three clinical) leaks (P less than .05) in the BAR 31-1.5 mm group and one radiographic leak in the handsewn group. No leaks were detected in the EEA or BAR 31-2.0 mm groups. Results indicate that all three techniques can be done safely with this dose of radiation, and gap size (1.5 mm vs. 2.0 mm) is of critical importance when performing a BAR anastomosis in irradiated bowel.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 13 cases (1980-1985).
Thirteen cases of canine pheochromocytoma seen at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1981 and 1985 were reviewed. In 8 cases, the neoplasms were locally invasive; in the remaining cases, they were confined to the adrenal gland. Clinical signs compatible with fatal cardiovascular collapse secondary to a hypertensive or arrythmic episode were observed in 6 of 8 dogs with invasive neoplasms that died during examination or shortly thereafter. The remaining 2 dogs with invasive neoplasms had antemortem diagnoses of adrenal gland neoplasm with metastases and were euthanatized. Invasion or encroachment of the caudal vena cava in 6 dogs and encroachment of the aorta and other regional vasculature in 2 dogs were discovered at necropsy. In 5 dogs, the noninvasive pheochromocytoma was found incidentally during necropsy.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal parenchymal diseases in dogs: 32 cases (1981-1986).
The medical records of 32 dogs with microscopically proven renal parenchymal disease were evaluated to characterize the associated ultrasonographic patterns and to assess the contribution of ultrasonography to the diagnosis and management in each case. Ultrasonography provided additional information on internal renal architecture in 18 dogs with radiographic evidence of structural abnormality. Ultrasonography determined the renal origin of 2 abdominal masses, defined the extent and distribution of neoplastic disease in 6 dogs, and identified kidneys not seen on survey radiographs or excretory urograms in 5 dogs because of decreased abdominal contrast or poor function. The ultrasonographic patterns were most specific for focal and multifocal or diffuse neoplasia. Ultrasonographic findings were least specific for diffuse parenchymal disease without architectural disruption such as glomerulo/interstitial nephritis, renal tubular necrosis, and nephrocalcinosis. In these cases, biopsy was recommended. Six interpretive errors were made. Four of these errors were related to the overestimation of renal pelvic and diverticular size because of confusion with medullary papilla. Two errors occurred in the diagnosis of renal lymphosarcoma, one of which was interpreted to be pyelonephritis. The other was an interpretive dilemma because of absence of hypoechoic multifocal nodules. Renal tubular necrosis was confirmed in this case.
Animals↗
Canine prostatic disease--comparison of ultrasonographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981-1985).
A retrospective analysis was made of 30 cases of canine prostatic disease, with the objective of identifying (via a prepubic approach) the 2-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasonographic appearance most often associated with the various spontaneous prostatic diseases. Ultrasonography was of value in characterizing the parenchymal architecture as normal vs focally hyperechoic and diffusely hyperechoic (associated with chronic inflammation and neoplasia) or focally hypoechoic or anechoic (either accompanied by distant enhancement), which was associated with retention cyst or abscess. Further specificity based only on abnormal echotexture was not possible. Ultrasonography facilitated the differentiation of radiographically identifiable prostatomegaly attributable to abscess or neoplasia from apparent prostatomegaly attributable to paraprostatic cyst. An imaging protocol consisting of distention retrograde urethrocystography and prepubic ultrasonography was recommended, as a distended bladder aided ultrasonographic identification of the prostate gland. In addition, the combination of urethral morphologic features and urethroprostatic reflux appearance complemented the ultrasonographic appearance for differentiation of prostatic abscess from prostatic carcinoma. A classification scheme for spontaneous canine prostatic disease combining germane imaging morphologic features with microscopic and microbiologic findings was proposed.
Animals↗
Canine prostatic disease--comparison of radiographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981-1985).
A retrospective analysis was made of radiographs from 24 clinically normal young adult male Beagles used in previously reported base-line research on the distal male urinary tract. The ventrodorsal and craniocaudal prostate gland dimensions were measured, as visualized on the lateral radiographic view, and expressed as a ratio of the distance between the cranial aspect of the public bone and the sacral promontory. In 17 of these 24 dogs, there was sufficient image clarity to permit confident measurement of prostatic dimensions. From these data, the largest acceptable prostatic dimension, as visualized on the lateral radiographic view, was 70% of the public-promontory distance. A retrospective analysis was made of 30 cases of canine prostatic disease, with the objective of identifying the radiographic (survey and distention retrograde urethrocystogram) appearance most often associated with the various spontaneous prostatic diseases. Prostatomegaly was not specific for the cause of prostatic disease, except if the apparent parenchymal dimensions were greater than or equal to 90% of the public-promontory distance wherein neoplasia, abscess, and paraprostatic cysts (readily differentiated from diffuse intraparenchymal disease by ultrasonography) were the principle considerations. Multifocal, irregularly shaped, parenchymal mineral densities were observed only in dogs with prostatic carcinoma (4/7 cases) or prostatitis (1 case of chronic prostatitis). Narrowing of the prostatic portion of the urethra was observed only in association with abscess, neoplasm, or noninflammatory nonneoplastic disease (possibly benign hypertrophy/hyperplasia), whereas widening of this part of the urethra was not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Feline renal ultrasonography: quantitative analyses of imaged anatomy.
Maximal kidney dimensions from serial ultrasonograms were measured in 10 healthy cats. Because clinical ultrasonographic examination is often performed in conjunction with excretory urography, the effect of radiographic contrast medium-induced diuresis on dimensional change also was evaluated. Although a slight, statistically significant increase in size was observed (compared with kidneys scanned without contrast medium), this increase could not be detected on the basis of visual image evaluation alone.
Animals↗
Renal ultrasonography in healthy cats.
Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the kidneys of 10 healthy cats during normal hydration and after administration of contrast medium. Differences in the appearance of anatomic structures or in the echo intensity were not detected between kidneys during normal hydration and after contrast medium administration. The appearance of scanning images was influenced by mode, frequency, and focal range of the transducer, topography and mobility of the kidneys, and adequate sound conduction.
Animals↗
Use of gray-scale ultrasonography in the diagnosis of reproductive disease in the bitch: 18 cases (1981-1984).
Gray-scale ultrasonography was utilized in addition to radiography in the diagnosis of reproductive disease in 18 bitches. In 72% of the cases, ultrasonography was considered diagnostic because it revealed information on organ architecture, relationships of radiographically silhouetting soft tissue structures, and fetal viability that was unobtainable by radiography alone. In the remainder of the cases, ultrasonography was contributory to the diagnostic process by supporting the clinical and radiographic diagnoses. The benefits of ultrasonography are discussed, as is the ultrasonographic appearance of a variety of reproductive tract diseases.
Animals↗
Safety of low anterior resection in the presence of chronic radiation changes in dogs.
Thirty mongrel dogs underwent 4000- or 5000-rad single treatment orthovoltage irradiation to the pelvis according to the nominal standard dose equation. Following a resting period of six months, 21 dogs were randomized to low anterior resection with either stapled or handsewn anastomoses. Anastomotic leaks were evaluated on clinical and radiographic grounds. The radiographic leak rate was 81 percent for sutured and 0 percent for stapled anastomoses. The clinical leak rate was 18 percent for sutured and 0 percent for stapled anastomoses. The difference between the 4000- and 5000-rad groups was not significant. The data suggest that late effects of irradiation do not preclude the safe construction of low anterior anastomoses, and that the circular stapling device is superior to hand-sewn techniques.
Animals↗
Radiographic and ultrasonographic features of uroliths and other urinary tract filling defects.
Radiopaque uroliths and nonradiopaque (water density) uroliths are filling defects encountered in the urinary tracts of dogs and cats. Other free luminal and attached soft tissue density filling defects encountered during uroradiographic special procedures include blood clots, air bubbles, hematomas, granulomas, abscesses, inflammatory and neoplastic polyps. Nonradiopaque uroliths cannot be identified on survey radiographs from other soft tissue dense structures. Gray scale ultrasonography can be used to differentiate nonradiopaque (water dense) uroliths from other soft tissue attached or free luminal filling defects of the excretory pathway. The differential radiographic features of filling defects encountered during cystography and urethrography are described and illustrated.
Animals↗
Urogenital imaging: a practical update.
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Animals↗
Effects of urinary bladder distention on location of the urinary bladder and urethra of healthy dogs and cats.
Evaluation of the anatomic location of the distended and empty urinary bladders and urethras of healthy adult male and female dogs and cats by retrograde urethrocystography revealed substantial variations. In 15 dogs in lateral recumbency with empty bladder lumens, the caudal portion of the urinary bladder was within the pelvic canal in 5 of 7 male and 5 of 8 female dogs. In female dogs examined in ventrodorsal recumbency, only 4 of 8 had the empty urinary bladders in part within the pelvic canal. After luminal distention, 3 of 7 male and 3 of 8 female dogs, while in lateral recumbency, had the urinary bladders in part intrapelvically. However, when female dogs were placed in ventrodorsal recumbency, only 1 of 7 urinary bladders was in part within the pelvis. The urinary bladders of 14 cats were consistently within the abdominal cavity, irrespective of whether the bladder lumen was distended or empty. Urethral flexures occurred in dogs with intrapelvic bladders that were distended or empty. Urethral flexures were not found in cats. The urethras of dogs and cats in lateral recumbency were generally closer to the floor of the pelvis after urinary bladder distention than when the bladder was empty. The urethra of the dogs and cats in ventrodorsal recumbency was to the left or right of or on the midsagittal plane, whether the urinary bladder was empty or distended. A greater degree of lateral displacement was encountered in ventrodorsal recumbency after urinary bladder distention.
Animals↗
Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with a bronchial foreign body and lobar pneumonia in a dog.
Hypertrophic osteopathy was diagnosed in a dog with a bronchial foreign body and lobar pneumonia. Hypertrophic osteopathy is generally associated with primary or secondary neoplasms of the lungs and rarely associated with nonneoplastic thoracic lesions. The foreign body and affected lung lobe were removed by pneumonectomy, resulting in recovery of the dog and resolution of the hypertrophic osteopathy lesions.
Animals↗
Vertebral fracture, extensor hypertonia of thoracic limbs, and paralysis of pelvic limbs (Schiff-Sherrington syndrome) in an Arabian foal.
An Arabian foal, which was recumbent for 4 days, had signs of extensor rigidity of the thoracic limbs and hypotonic paralysis of the pelvic limbs. Survey radiography revealed a lesion at T15, with radiographic impression of a compression fracture or a hemivertebra. Postmortem examination revealed a fracture at T15. Clinical and pathologic findings in this case were compatible with the Schiff-Sherrington syndrome, which is characterized by thoracic limb extensor hypertonia associated with paraplegia from acute thoracolumbar trauma.
Animals↗
Two-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasonography. Applications in canine prostatic disease.
The technique of and general appearance of suprapubic gray-scale prostatic ultrasonography in the dog are described. Using case examples, the various spontaneous diseases of the canine prostate are described and compared to the defined normal appearance of the prostate. An integrated approach to imaging the canine prostate gland is advocated and includes radiographic techniques, specifically distension retrograde urethrocystography. A clinically relevant classification scheme for use with microbiologic, cytologic, and imaging techniques is proposed.
Animals↗