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Biomedical subjects

D A Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to D A Edwards.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A quantitative assessment of results with the Angelchik prosthesis.

The Angelchik antireflux prosthesis was assessed in 15 unpromising patients, 12 of whom had peptic strictures of the oesophagus. Radiological techniques were used to show the effect of the device on gastro-oesophageal reflux, and on the bore and length of strictures. Twelve months later (range 6-24) most patients were well satisfied with the operation, and all considered it had been worthwhile; there was radiological evidence of reduction in reflux and remission of strictures. The device never surrounded the oesophageal sphincter; in all but 1 case it encircled a tube of stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Laser recanalization of obstructing foregut cancer.

Palliative treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction was undertaken by endoscopic laser therapy in 6 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or stomach. All had dysphagia for solids on admission and were considered unsuitable for surgery or radiotherapy. Three were in sites unsuitable for placement of an endoscopic prosthesis. The tumours occluded up to 90 per cent of the lumen (2 squamous and 4 adenocarcinomas). Treatment was carried out under direct vision, the laser wave guide being passed through the biopsy channel of a standard endoscope. Superficial tumour vaporized immediately using energies of 2-10 000 J per session, whereas deeper layers sloughed over the succeeding 2-3 days. Two to six treatments were required to relieve dysphagia and there were no major complications. Quantitative barium studies before and after treatment showed a significant increase in luminal diameter. These patients could eat solid food after treatment and all were able to go home.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Medial preoptic connections with the midbrain tegmentum are essential for male sexual behavior.

The medial preoptic area appears to play a major role in the control of sexual behavior. Efferents from the medial preoptic area course through the medial forebrain bundle to pass through and/or terminate in the dorsolateral and ventral tegmentum of the midbrain. Bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral tegmentum eliminate mating behavior in male rats, reproducing the effect of bilateral medial preoptic lesions. Sexual behavior is also eliminated when a preoptic lesion on one side of the brain is combined with a lesion of the dorsolateral tegmentum on the other side of the brain. In other words, asymmetric brain damage which bilaterally destroys the preoptic connections with the dorsolateral tegmentum eliminates male sexual behavior, and we conclude that the connections between these two regions are essential for copulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Dysphagia.

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Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Midbrain lesions eliminate sexual receptivity but spare sexual motivation in female rats.

To measure sexual motivation we have used a preference test paradigm which involves testing a female with a sexually active male and a sexually inactive castrate male at the same time. On the assumption that a sexually motivated female will choose to spend more time with a partner who can provide her with stimulation appropriate to her motivational state, a female can be said to be sexually motivated to the extent that she spends more time with the active male than with the castrate. We find that bilateral destruction of the midbrain peripeduncular region eliminates the lordosis reflex in female rats, and abolishes sexual soliciting darting responses. Lesioned females treated with ovarian hormones continue, however, to show a strong preference for a sexually active male over a castrate. Thus, although peripeduncular destruction eliminates copulatory behavior, such destruction appears to spare hormone dependent systems for sexual motivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Topical nitrate.

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Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

The pathology of a cricopharyngeal dysphagia.

The paper describes the changes in the cricopharyngeal muscle in seven cases of dysphagia resulting from obstruction at this level which was relieved by myotomy. Histological features included degeneration and regeneration in the muscle fibres with interstitial fibrosis which was severe in some of the cases. It is considered that this restrictive fibrosis is the cause of the dysphagia and that it is secondary to muscle fibre damage, the cause of which is at present obscure. Minor degrees of muscle damage and regeneration were seen rarely in controls and fibrosis was never present. There was no evidence of underlying vascular or neurological disease in six cases; the seventh had a previous history of scleroderma but this was not thought to be the cause of the cricopharyngeal lesion. The age incidence ranged from 1 to 5 years at the onset of dysphagia; in six of the seven it was 50 years or more.

Aged↗