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Biomedical subjects

D A Culp

Publications and source records attributed to D A Culp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of adrenergic antagonists on cocaine-induced changes in respiratory function.

Cocaine-induced changes in respiratory rate (f), tidal volume (VT), total pulmonary ventilation (VE), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and total pulmonary resistance (RL) were measured in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing Sprague-Dawley rats using a whole-body plethysmograph and an esophageal manometer. Carotid arterial pressure and heart rate were simultaneously monitored. An intravenous (i.v.) dose of 10 mg/kg of cocaine was lethal in all rats tested with death resulting from respiratory failure occurring between 0.25 and 1.5 min after dosing. At an i.v. dosage of 5 mg/kg, cocaine was nonlethal, although a reduction in VE was evident during the first minute after dosing. This reduction in VE was due to a decrease in f and the lack of a compensatory increase in VT. A slight decrease in RL also became evident approximately five minutes after dosing. Pretreatment with the nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine (10 mg/kg) prevented the cocaine-induced depression in VE by reducing the decrease in f and blocking the inhibition of a compensatory increase in VT. In contrast, pretreatment with the nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1 mg/kg) potentiated the cocaine-induced decrease in VE by enhancing the depression of f. Pretreatment with propranolol also caused a cocaine-dependent decrease in Cdyn. At a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg, labetalol, a compound possessing both nonselective alpha- and beta 1-antagonist activity (1:7) appeared to cause only a minimal potentiation of the cocaine-induced depressions in VE and f. Pretreatment with propranolol or labetalol also resulted in the death of 20% of the rats administered 5 mg/kg of cocaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Yield of cancer tissue from prostatic needle biopsy.

This study concerns the quality of human prostatic cancer needle biopsy specimens for routine diagnosis and for bioassay. We examined routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained microscopic sections from 20 prostatic cancer patients, 159 needle cores in all, 71 positive for tumor. Linear core measurements were made with a calibrated ocular micrometer, each segment counted positive if it contained any tumor. Among all subjects there were 35.5 cm of tumor-bearing core length, 26 per cent of the total core length but 60 per cent of the length if completely negative cores were excluded. From these data we calculate a 91 per cent probability of detecting any cancer present if at least 4 cores are taken.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Use of intravesical cisplatin and mitomycin-C for recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of bladder refractory to thiotepa.

Superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCaB) has a high incidence of recurrence. Intravesical thiotepa is the drug used most often for treatment. Intravesical mitomycin-C also has shown promise. Cisplatin has proven activity in patients with metastatic TCCaB and in experimental bladder cancer models. Patients who have no response to one intravesical agent such as thiotepa may respond to other agent(s) such as mitomycin-C or cisplatin. In this report we have evaluated 10 patients with superficial recurrent TCCaB who showed no response to intravesical thiotepa and were subsequently treated with mitomycin-C or cisplatin. Six patients were treated with cisplatin and 4 with mitomycin-C. The 4 treated with mitomycin-C had complete response or partial response within three months. Of the 6 treated with cisplatin, 4 had complete response within three months, and 2 had no response.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Cystadenocarcinoma of the kidney: a profile of 13 cases.

Cystadenocarcinoma is an uncommon variant of renal cell carcinoma that is cystic in appearance. Our experience with 13 of these tumors is presented. The biological behavior was similar to renal cell carcinoma in general, although a greater proportion presented as stage I lesions. Computerized tomography and cyst aspiration may be helpful to differentiate these tumors from simple cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radioactive gold for prostatic cancer: a preliminary report.

A total of 71 patients with prostatic carcinoma underwent radical prostatectomy combined with instillation of radioactive gold seeds between January 1, 1977 and July 1, 1982. Gold seeds were implanted intraoperatively into the region of the prostatic vascular pedicles and surrounding fibrolymphatic tissue after removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Of the patients with disease confined to the prostate clinically 46.7 per cent had microscopic extraprostatic local tumor extension. We believe that patients with extraprostatic local tumor derive therapeutic benefit from the addition of adjuvant radioactive gold seeds at prostatectomy. Because of the inaccuracy of clinical staging by rectal examination, we have elected to use radioactive gold seeds in all of our patients at prostatectomy. To date, local recurrence has been noted in 5.6 per cent of our patients and systemic progression in 14.1 per cent.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Cryotherapy.

Since 1969 cryosurgical perineal destruction of the prostate has been developed at the University of Iowa for treatment of patients with prostatic cancer. The technique of this procedure has been the subject of previous reviews. This is a summary of our experience of patient survival and the effect on local prostatic cancer growth in those patients with various stages of the disease subjected to perineal cryosurgical destruction of their cancer. We also report briefly on our experience in the laboratory where the Dunning tumor model is used to study the effect of cryosurgery as well as combinations of immunological modifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Long-term followup in patients with an inflatable penile prosthesis.

An inflatable penile prosthesis was implanted in 95 patients between 1977 and 1983. The patients were divided into 3 groups with roughly equal numbers studied during 2-year intervals. Of the prostheses 48 per cent have been revised or removed, or have failed during followup. The complication rate increased with the duration of followup.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Experience with the Jonas penile prosthesis.

Between April 1981 and June 1983 the Jonas penile prosthesis was inserted in 57 patients. There were 10 early complications (17.5 per cent), with 8 operations for revision or removal (14 per cent). Late complications were rare and the over-all success rate was 96 per cent.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ureterovesical reflux in an adolescent and adult population.

The records and radiographic data on 177 adolescents and adults with vesicoureteral reflux were reviewed. The anatomic characteristics of 255 renal units and ureterovesical junctions were characterized using criteria reported previously. A total of 125 renal units demonstrated grades III to V reflux (International). Abnormal ureteral orifices were observed in 145 renal units and 155 submucosal tunnels were short or absent. Excretory urograms outlined renal scars in 192 renal units. Pre-treatment and post-treatment creatinine clearances were analyzed in 188 renal units. Ureteral reconstruction resulted in stabilization or improvement in the mean creatinine levels in 53 renal units. Other forms of surgical and medical treatment also resulted in improved renal function during observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Morbidity from pelvic lymphadenectomy in staging carcinoma of the prostate.

A retrospective review of 150 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate was done to determine the morbidity associated with lymphadenectomy performed as an independent procedure. A total of 77 complications, 17 of which were considered major, was noted in 50 patients. Wound drainage and transection of the spermatic cord were associated with increased morbidity. Systemic antibiotic therapy afforded no protection against wound infections, while intraoperative irrigation was protective. Lymphoceles and lower extremity edema occurred infrequently in our series, although only a few patients underwent postoperative pelvic irradiation therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Blood coagulation following vasectomy.

Concern that men may have an increased risk of the development of thrombophlebitis following vasectomy prompted the study of 58 vasectomized men and 37 age-matched controls. Eight patients undergoing total hip replacement also were studied, since they are known to have an increased risk of thrombotic complications. There were no changes in coagulation suggestive of a thrombotic tendency in the vasectomized population, though an increase in fibrinogen concentration was present preoperatively, and transient increases in factor V concentration, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen concentration were seen postoperatively in some cases. None of the vasectomized patients had clinical evidence suggestive of thrombosis.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1979

Intrascrotal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent spermatic cord tumor of infants, children, and young adults, but also occurs as a primary tumor in the testis, epididumis, and testicular tunics. In the last fifteen years, 7 patients with intrascrotal rhabdomyosarcoma were treated at our institution, and an additional 155 cases were found on review of the English literature. On the basis of these 162 cases, incidence and survival statistics were calculated with particular attention to employed forms of therapy. An over-all survival of greater than 73 per cent should be obtainable with proper utilization of surgery, radiation therapy, and combination chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Serum markers in testicular tumors.

Certain cancer-associated substances are useful in the diagnosis and management of cancer. We have found that the estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with testicular tumors is useful. Of 17 patients with germ cell testicular tumors found to have elevated serum markers 3 had seminoma of the testis and all 3 had elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. It is not possible, however, to correlate the histology of testicular tumors and the type of serum markers. All of our patients with elevated markers had active tumor. However, 3 patients with metastatic deposits in the para-aortic lymph nodes did not have elevated serum markers.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1979

Metastatic tumors of the penis.

The penis is a rare site of metastatic neoplasm in spite of its rich blood supply, abundant vascular space, proximity of the pelvic organs and interconnections with the pelvic and vertebral veins as well as lymphatics. The location of primary tumor has varied widely. The urinary bladder, prostate, rectum and rectosigmoid were common primary sites. In our series the bladder was the primary site in 3 patients, prostate in 2, and lung in 1. In 1 patient the metastatic lesion was secondary to lymphoma and in another to leukemia. The mode of metastasis, symptoms, treatment and prognosis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Urinary cytology and bladder biopsy in patients with bladder cancer.

Two hundred fifty patients with bladder tumor were evaluated over a three-year period. Cystoscopy, cytology, and random bladder and tumor biopsy were part of the workup. The follow-up of these patients resulted in a total of 509 cystoscopies, 772 specimens of bladder washings and urinary cytologies, and 503 tumor or selected mucosal biopsies. The value of cytologic study of bladder washings and cystoscopic urine samples as well as the importance of selected site mucosal biopsies in detecting "field changes" in the bladder epithelium associated with bladder tumors are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Kidney stones and renal transplantation.

Only 10 cases of renal calculi in transplanted kidneys are reported in the literature. Etiology is not uniform in all the cases. Some of these cases were managed conservatively. We herein report a case in which the etiology of the stone may be urinary tract infection. This patient was managed conservatively.

Adolescent↗