Treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma with tamoxifen.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D A Boyes.
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Clinical data on 264 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva seen between 1938 and 1976 are reported. Two hundred and four patients were "eligible" for 5 year assessment for a 55% survival rate. Patients treated with radical vulvectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy had a corrected 5 year survival rate of 86% if the lymph nodes failed to show metastatic disease. Twenty-eight percent of the patients treated with lymphadenectomy had lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery. The presence of lymphatic metastasis appeared to be the most significant prognostic factor. The results obtained have led to a degree of individualization in current treatment policies, together with a re-evaluation of the possible role of radiotherapy.
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Sixty-one patients with granulosa cell tumors of the ovary were treated in the A.M. Evans Clinic of the British Columbia Cancer Control Agency between 1944 and 1974. Their treatment and follow-up are reviewed, and while the 5-year survival rate was 78%, the 15-year rate fell to 50%. The material suggests that the trend to total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy has improved the prognosis, but other explanations are, of course, possible as this is a historical comparison.
Over a period of 29 years 30 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were referred to the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia. Five patients had benign disease and required no further treatment after having had dilatation and curettage. The remaining 25 patients were treated with methotrexate or hysterectomy, or both. Actuarial survival rates were 96.4% at 1 year and 90.6% at 5 years. There was a high correlation between malignancy and high titres of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). All cases of hydatidiform mole must be followed closely by means of estimations of HCG titre.
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Serum plasma levels of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG-beta) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 24 women with molar pregnancies and five with choriocarcinoma. In the patients with molar pregnancy, plasma HCG-beta concentrations became undetectable within 8 to 173 days. In the patients with choriocarcinoma, plasma HCG-beta levels declined rapidly with appropriate chemotherapy. Serial plasma HCG-beta assay in this series accurately determined remission and detected early recurrences during follow-up. All patients are in remission with a mean follow-up of 22 months for the patients with choriocarcinoma.
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Colposcopic examination and biopsy were used to assess 123 pregnant patients presenting with abnormal cervical smears. Eighty-seven per cent were 30 years of age or less and 95 (77 per cent) had had one or no previous children. Two patients were found to have microinvasive carcinoma and, in an additional 95 patients, either severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ was present. Fifty-five patients (45 per cent) had subsequent conization or hysterectomy and in no instance was the histological diagnosis more serious than that anticipated from the colposcopic evaluation. Only three patients (1-6 per cent) had a cone biopsy during pregnancy; only one minor complication occurred. Colposcopic examination is the choice method of evaluating patients with abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy.
Forty-one cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated at our institution over the years 1946 to 1976 are described. The overall 5-year survival rate was 34.4%, although patients with early tumors had a 72.7% survival rate. The single most important factor affecting survival appeared to be the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis. Past and present treatment modalities are discussed, and proposals for management of this disease are outlined.
Because of suspicious or abnormal smears, 620 patients were referred to the Colposcopy Clinic of the British Columbia Cancer Institute between 1st March 1973 and 31st December 1974; it was possible to make a colposcopic examination in 549 of these patients (88.5 per cent). The colposcopic impression was within one histological grade of a colposcopically-directed biopsy in 476 patients (86 per cent). There were 221 patients who had a cone biopsy after a colposcopically-directed biopsy and in 192 of these (87 per cent) the two biopsies were within one histological grade of each other; but there were two patients with occult invasive carcinoma in a cone biopsy and only carcinoma in situ in a directed biopsy. In the same group of 221 patients the colposcopic evaluation and final diagnosis (the most advanced histological lesion seen in biopsy) agreed in all but seven patients.
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